Tulu Lesson 18: Uses of Adverbial Participles (Verbal Adverbs)

namaskAra! Welcome back!

Today we are going to learn something new, i.e.Verbals. Verbals are forms of verb which is used as another part of speech like nouns, adjectives or adverbs in a sentence.

Following are the types of Verbals in Tulu:

• Adverbial Participles or Verbal Adverbs (Present, Past Perfect and Negative)
• Adjectival Participles or Verbal Adjectives (Present, Simple Past, Past Perfect and Negative)
• Gerunds (Present, Simple Past, Past Perfect and Negative)
• Verbal Nouns
• Infinitives 

 Let us look into only Adverbial Participles today. Next week we will cover Adjectival Participles, Gerunds and Infinitives.

Adverbial Participles are mainly used as adverbs. There are three forms; Present, Past Perfect and Negative.

Present Adverbial Participles:  suffix ‘ondu’

Examples:

maltondu – doing (Kannada: mADtA)

pOvondu – going ( Kannada: hOgtA)

ittondu – being (Kannada: iruttA)

tiNondu – eating (Kannada: tinnuttA)

We have already learned this form in Present Continuous tense. This form is used to express the mode how an action is done.

Tulu: Aye baltondu batte

English: He came running

Kannada: avanu ODtA banda

Tulu: akulu pAterondu bElae maltonduller

English: They are speaking and working.

Kannada: avaru mAtannADtA kelasa mADtiddAre

Tulu: Al teltondu pOyal

English: avaLu nagtA hOdaLu

Kannada: She went smiling

Tulu: sudae paratondu kaDal sEruNDu

English: River flows and joins the sea. 

Kannada: nadi haritA samudra sErtade.

Tulu: mange maroDdu maroku lAgyondu pONDu.

English: The monkey went jumping from tree to tree.

Kannada: manga maradinda marakke jigitA hOytu.  

Past Adverbial Participles (Perfect): suffix ‘d’

Examples:

malt’d – having done (Kannada: mADi)

itt’d – having been (Kannada: iddu)

pOdu – having gone (Kannada: hOgi)

tiND’d or tind – having eaten (Kannada: tindu) 

Note: “tiND’d” also pronounced as “tind” in common Tulu and so all verbs ending in ‘N’.  E.g. kEND’d >> kEnd, uND’d >> undu, paND’d >> pand

We have already learned this form in Present Perfect tense. This form is used to express actions in sequence.

Tulu: Aye uND’d (undu) jette

English: He had lunch/dinner and slept. (Having had dinner/lunch, he slept)

Kannada: avanu UTa mADi malagida

Tulu: Aye kANdae enma gaNTeg lakk’d, mId, chA pard sAleg pOye

English: He got up at 8 O’clock, took bath, had tea and went to school. 

Kannda: avanu beLagge eNTu gaNTege eddu, snAna mADi, chaha kuDidu shAlege hOda

Tulu: yAn AyeDa paND’d (pand) barpae

English: I will tell him and come (Having told him, I will come)

Kannada: nAnu avanige hELi bartEne

Tulu: enkulu pOdu barpa

English: We will go and come. (Having gone, we will come)

Kannada: nAvu hOgi bartEve

Tulu: Ayena bElae mugit’d illaDe pOye

English: Having finished his work, he went home.

Kannada: avana kelasa mugisi manage hOda

To express the reason or cause of actions:

Tulu: barsa batt’d yAn chaNDi Ayae

English: It rained and so I got wet.

Kannada: maLe bandu odde Ade

Tulu: balt’d balt’d enk bachch’ND

English: I am tired from running

Kannada: ODi ODi nanage sustAytu

Tulu: ninan tUdu enk kushi AND

English: I am happy seeing you

Kannada: ninnanu nODi kushi Aytu

To express time:

Tulu: Aye pOdu onji varsha AND

English: It’s been one year since he went

Kannada: avanu hOgi ondu vasha Aytu.

Tulu: ninan tUdu mast samaya AND

English: It’s been a long time since I saw you

Kannada: ninnannu nODi tumbA samayavAytu

Negative Adverbial Participles: suffix ‘andae’

Examples:

malpu + andae >>> malpandae - having not done (Kannada: mADade)

pOvandae – having not gone (Kannada: hOgade)

tiNandae – having not eaten (Kannada: tinnade)

uppandae – having not been (Kannada: irade)

ijjandae (or dAntae) – having not been (Kannada: illade)

Generally this form gives the meaning of ‘without’.

Tulu: satya paNandae bEtae sAdi ijji

English: Without telling the truth there is no other way

Kannada: satya hELade bEre dAri illa

Tulu: I dAntae (ijjandae) yAn bad’kayae

Englsih: Without you I can’t live

Kannada: nInu illade nAnu badukenu

Tulu: Aye eNDa paNandae pOye

English: He went without informing (telling) me

Kannda: avanu nanage hELade hOda

Tulu: Aye uNandae jette

English: Without having lunch/dinner, he slept

Kannada: avanu UTa mADade malagida

To express the reason or cause of actions:

Tulu: imbe Odandae parIksheD fail Aye

English: He failed in the exam by not reading

Kannada: ivanu Odade parIksheyalli fail Ada

Tulu: yAn teriyandae tappu maltae

English: I did a mistake unknowingly

Kannada: nAnu tiLiyade tappu mADide

To express time:

Tulu: akulu barandae onji varsha AND

English: It’s been one year since they came

Kannada: avaru barade ondu varsha Aytu

Tulu: ninan tUvande mast samaya AND

English: It’s been a long time since I saw you

Kannada: ninnannu nODade tumbA samayavAytu

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See you next week!

solmelu!