Tulu Lesson 29: Past Perfect Tense

namaskAra! Welcome back!

I hope all of you are doing well with the lessons and have made good progress. Today, we are going to learn past perfect tense. Do you remember present perfect tense? If not please click here

Look at the following sentence:

I had made

As you see, this structure is similar to what we have in present perfect tense “I have made” (auxiliary verb ‘have’ + past participle)

So, let’s take a very quick review of present perfect tense in Tulu first.

Past Adverbial Participle + Personal ending 

malt’d + ae = malt’dae – I have made

Now, delete the suffix ‘ae’ and add simple past tense of ‘uppuni/ippuni’ (To be) instead.

Here are the verb conjugations of the verb ‘uppuni/ippuni’ in simple past tense.

yAn ittae – I was

I itta – You were

Aye/imbe itte – He was

Al/mOlu ittal – She was

au/undu itt’ND – It was

nama/enkulu itta – We were

Ir/nikulu ittar – You were

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr itter – They were

undekulu/aikulu itta – They were

Past Adverbial Participle + simple past tense of ‘uppuni/ippuni’

malt’d + ittae = malt’dittae (also pronounced ‘maltittae’)  – I had made (Kannada: nAnu mADidde)

Is it clear?

yAn malt’dittae – I had made

I malt’ditta – You had made

Aye/imbe malt’ditte – He had made

Al/mOlu malt’dittal – She had made

au/undu malt’ditt’ND – It had made

nama/enkulu malt’ditta – We had made

Ir/nikulu malt’dittar – You had made

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr malt’ditter – They had made

undekulu/aikulu malt’ditta – They had made

tU (tUpini) – To see

tUd + ittae = tUdittae – I had seen (Kannada: nODidde)

yAn tUdittae – I had seen

I tUditta – You had seen

Aye/imbe tUditte – He had seen

Al/mOlu tUdittal – She had seen

au/undu tUditt’ND – It had seen

nama/enkulu tUditta – We had seen

Ir/nikulu tUdittar – You had seen

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr tUditter – They had seen

undekulu/aikulu tUditta – They had seen

bar (barpini) – To come

batt’d + ittae = batt’dittae (also pronounced ‘battittae’) – I had come (Kannada: bandidde)

yAn batt'dittae – I had come

I batt'ditta – You had come

Aye/imbe batt'ditte – He had come

Al/mOlu batt'dittal – She had come

au/undu batt'ditt’ND – It had come

nama/enkulu batt'ditta – We had come

Ir/nikulu batt'dittar – You had come

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr batt'ditter – They had come

undekulu/aikulu batt'ditta – They had come

kEN (kENuni) To hear/listen/ask

kEnd + ittae = kEndittae – I had asked (Kannada: kELidde)

yAn kEndittae – I had asked

I kEnditta – You had asked

Aye/imbe kEnditte – He had asked

Al/mOlu kEndittal – She had asked

au/undu kEnditt’ND – It had asked

nama/enkulu kEnditta – We had asked

Ir/nikulu kEndittar – You had asked

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr kEnditter – They had asked

undekulu/aikulu kEnditta – They had asked

kApu (kApuni) – To wait

kAt’d + ittae = kAt’dittae (also pronounced ‘kAtittae’) – I had waited

yAn kAt'dittae – I had waited

I kAt'ditta – You had waited

Aye/imbe kAt'ditte – He had waited

Al/mOlu kAt'dittal – She had waited

au/undu kAt'ditt’ND – It had waited

nama/enkulu kAt'ditta – We had waited

Ir/nikulu kAt'dittar – You had waited

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr kAt'ditter – They had waited

undekulu/aikulu kAt'ditta – They had waited

Examples:

Tulu: yAn kODae kuDlag pOdittae

English: I had been to Mangalore yesterday

Kannada: nAnu ninne mangaLUrige hOgidde

Tulu: yAn niNDa pandittae

English: I had told you

Kannada: nAnu ninage hELidde

Tulu: Ar ninan lett’ditter

English: He/She had called you

Kannada: avaru ninnannu karediddaru

Tulu: akulu pira batt’ditter

English: They had come back

Kannada: avaru hinde bandiddaru

Tulu: ninna aNNe enan tUditter

English: Your elder brother had seen me

Kannada: ninna aNNa nannannu nODiddaru

Tulu: mast jana sErditter

English: Lots of people had gathered

Kannada: tumbA jana sEriddaru

Tulu: enna dOsti mast kAs karchi malt’ditte

English: My friend had spent a lot of money

Kannada: nanna snEhita tumbA duDDu kharchu mADidda

Tulu: Ayena pars dakk’d pOditt’ND

English: He had lost his wallet

Kannada: avana parsu kaLedu hOgittu

Tulu: I enan marat’ditta

English: You had forgotten me

Kannada: nInu nannannu maretidde

  

Negative forms:

Negative forms in past perfect tense can be formed by using the negative form of the auxiliary verb ‘uppuni/ippuni’ in simple past tense.

yAn ittijae – I was not

I ittija – You were not

Aye/imbe ittije – He was not

Al/mOlu ittijal – She was not

au/undu ittiji – It was not

nama/enkulu ittija – We were not

Ir/nikulu ittijar – You were not

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr ittijer – They were not

undekulu/aikulu ittija – They were not

  

Past Adverbial Participle + negative form of ‘uppuni/ippuni’ in simple past tense

malt’d + ittijae = malt’dittijae (also pronounced ‘maltittijae’)  – I had not made (Kannada: nAnu mADiralilla)

yAn malt'dittijae – I had not made

I malt'dittija – You had not made

Aye/imbe malt'dittije – He had not made

Al/mOlu malt'dittijal – She had not made

au/undu malt'dittiji – It had not made

nama/enkulu malt'dittija – We had not made

Ir/nikulu malt'dittijar – You had not made

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr malt'dittijer – They had not made

undekulu/aikulu malt'dittija – They had not made

pO (pOpini) – To go

pOd + ittijae = pOdittijae – I had not gone

yAn pOdittijae – I had not gone

I pOdittija – You had not gone

Aye/imbe pOdittije – He had not gone

Al/mOlu pOdittijal – She had not gone

au/undu pOdittiji – It had not gone

nama/enkulu pOdittija – We had not gone

Ir/nikulu pOdittijar – You had not gone

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr pOdittijer – They had not gone

undekulu/aikulu pOdittija – They had not gone

Examples:

Tulu: I eNDa pandittija

English: You had not told me

Kannada: nInu nanage hELiralilla

Tulu: yAn aDe pOdittijae

English: I had not gone there

Kannada: nAnu allige hOgiralilla

Tulu: kelavu dOstilu battittijer

English: Some friend had not come

Kannada: kelavu snEhitaru bandiralilla

Tulu: Aye ninan tUdittije

English: He had not seen you

Kannada: avanu ninnannu nODiralilla

Tulu: Ayeg kODae ushAr ittiji, anchAd shAleg pOdittije

English: He was not feeling well yesterday, so he had not gone to school

Kannada: avanige ninne hushAr iralilla, hAgAgi shAlege hOgiralilla

Tulu: akulu enan pArTig lett’dittijer, anchAd yAn pOdittijae 

English: They had not invited me to the party, so I had not gone

Kannada: avaru nannannu pArTige karediralilla, hAgAgi nAnu hOgiralilla

Interrogative forms:

As you know, we have to add ‘a’ or ‘na’ at the end to make interrogative form of sentences in Tulu. When speaking with elders/strangers with respect, you can add ‘e’ or ‘ne’ instead of ‘a’ or ‘na’ at the end.

Tulu: yAn niNDa suruve pandittijena?

English: Hadn’t I told you before?

Kannada: nAnu ninage modale hELiralilva?’

Tulu: Aye nikk tikk'dittena?

English: Had he met you?

Kannada: avanu ninage sikkiddana?

Tulu: pOyina varsa battittijare?

English: Hadn’t you come last year?

Kannada: hOda varsha bandiralillava?

Tulu: murani barsa battitt’NDa?

English: Had it rained day before yesterday?

Kannada: monne maLe banditta?

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See you next week!

solmelu!