namaskAra! Welcome back!
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Today let us learn few defective verbs in Tulu.
Defective verbs are those verbs which do not have conjugated forms, or which have only few conjugated forms and cannot be used in all moods or tenses unlike normal verbs.
Here are few defective verbs on Tulu:
bODu (ಬೋಡು)
boDchi (ಬೊಡ್ಚಿ)
and (ಅಂದ್)
att (ಅತ್ತ್)
Avu (ಆವು)
yAvu (ಯಾವು)
balli (ಬಲ್ಲಿ)
bODu (ಬೋಡು) = Need/want/wish
Examples:
Tulu: enk nIr bODu
English: I need water
Kannada: nanage nIru bEku
Tulu: enk chA bODu
English: I would like to have tea
Kannada: nanage chahA bEku
Tulu: enk Ir bODu
English: I want you
Kannada: nanage nIvu bEku
Tulu: nikk chA bODa?
English: Would you like to have tea?
Kannada: ninage chahA bEkA?
Tulu: ireg kAs bODe?
English: Do you need money?
Kannada: nimage duDDu bEkA?
Tulu: nikleg dAla bODa?
English: Do you need anything?
Kannada: nimage EnAdarU bEkA?
boDchi (ಬೊಡ್ಚಿ) = Need not/not wanted/should not
Examples:
Tulu: enk pEr boDchi
English: I don’t want milk
Kannada: nanage hAlu bEDa
Tulu: enk Ir bodchi
English: I don’t need you
Kannada: nanage nIvu bEDa
Tulu: Ayeg dAla bodchi
English: He doesn’t need anything
Kannada: avanige EnU bEDa
Tulu: nikk yAn bodcha?
English: Don’t you need me?
Kannada: ninage nAnu bEDava?
Tulu: Ireg kAs boDche?
English: Don’t you need money?
Kannada: nimage duDDu bEDava?
and (ಅಂದ್) = Yes/True/correct
Examples:
Tulu: and, yAn barpae
English: Yes, I will come
Kannada: haudu, nAnu bartEne
Tulu: av and
English: It is true
Kannada: adu haudu
Tulu: yAn ancha paNDini and
English: It is true that I said so.
Kannada: nAnu hAge hELiddu haudu
Tulu: av anda?
English: Is that true?
Kannada: adu hauda?
Tulu: Ir ellae barpini ande?
English: Is that true that you will come tomorrow?
Kannada: nIvu nALe baruvudu hauda?
att (ಅತ್ತ್) = No
Examples:
Tulu: av Aye att, kuDoriye
English: It’s not him, another person
Kannada: adu avanu alla, innobba
Tulu: av ancha att
English: It’s not like that
Kannada: adu hAge alla
Tulu: Ir maltinav sari att
English: It is not correct what you did
Kannada: nIvu mADiddu sari alla
Tulu: undu ninna ill atta?
English: Isn’t this your house?
Kannada: idu ninna mane allava?
Tulu: Ir Teacher atte?
English: Aren’t you a teacher?
Kannada: nIvu Teacher allava?
Tulu: av anda, atta?
English: Is that true or not?
Kannada: adu hauda, allava?
Avu (ಆವು) = Okay
This is the uncertain future tense form of the verb ‘A’ (ಆ). Literally 'Avu' means ‘it will probably become’.
E.g: nikk kaSTa Avu – It will probably be difficult for you (Kannada: ninage kaSTa Agabahudu)
However, as a defective verb ‘Avu’ means 'Okay'. It is used to give consent.
Examples:
Tulu: Avu, yAn pOpae
English: Okay I will go
Kannada: Aytu, nAnu hOgtEne
Tulu: Avu, Ir paNDileka malpuvae
English: Okay, I will do as you said
Kannada: Aytu, nIvu hELidante mADuttEne
Tulu: enk chA Avu
English: I am okay with tea
Kannada: nanage chahA Agabahudu
Tulu: undu angi nikk Ava?
English: Is this shirt okay for you?
Kannada: idu angi ninanage Agabahuda?
Tulu: av ill ireg Ave?
English: Is that house okay for you?
Kannada: adu mane nimage Agabahuda?
Tulu: ellae tikk'ga Ava?
English: Let us meet tomorrow, Okay?
Kannada: nALe sigONa, Ayta?
Tulu: Avu, tikk'ga
English: Okay, Let us meet
Kannada: Aytu, sigONa
Tulu: yAn pOpae, Ave?
English: I will go, Okay?
Kannada: nAnu hOguttEne, Ayta?
Tulu: Avu, pOla!
English: Okay, Go!
Kannada: Aytu, hOgu!
yAvu (ಯಾವು) = Enough/Suffice
This verb can be used in different tenses but only has third person neuter conjugations.
Examples:
Tulu: enk yAvu
English: It is enough for me
Kannada: nanage sAku
Tulu: Ayeg yAvuji
English: It is not enough for him
Kannada: avanige sAkAguvudilla
Tulu: areg yAND
English: It was enough/sufficient for him/her
Kannada: avarige sAkAytu
Tulu: namak yAyiji
English: It was not sufficient for us
Kannada: namage sAkAgalilla
Tulu: nikk It yAva?
English: Is this much enough for you?
Kannada: ninage iSTu sAka?
Tulu: Ireg At yAve?
English: Is that much enough for you?
Kannada: nimage aSTu sAka?
Tulu: yAve? nanala bODe?
English: Enough or (Do you) want more?
Kannada: sAka? innU bEka?
balli (ಬಲ್ಲಿ) = Prohibited /Impossible/should not
Normally this is used as an auxiliary verb with infinitives to express permission or necessity which we have learned in the lesson 23: Potential mood
E.g. nama sOperaeballi – We should not lose (Kannada: nAvu sOlabAradu)
However this can also be used as a defective verb sometimes.
Examples:
Tulu: av balli
English: It is impossible/It is prohibited
Kannada: adu kUDadu
Tulu: enaDd balli
English: It is not possible by me / I can’t do it
Kannada: nanninda sAdyavilla
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Bye!