Tulu Lesson 10: Negative and Interrogative in Simple Past Tense

namaskAra! mAterla encha ullar? soukhyana?

Today we are going to learn negative and interrogative form of sentences in Past Tense. You already know verb conjugation in Simple Past tense. To make it negative just change the personal endings.

 Personal endings for negative form of sentences in Simple Past tense:

		Singular			Plural
		Pronoun	Ending	Example: pO	Pronoun	Ending	Example: pO
First Person		yAn	ijae	pOyijae	nama/enkulu	ija	pOyija
Second Person		I	ija	pOyija	nikulu/Ir	ijar	pOyijar
Third Person	Masc.	Aye/imbe	ije	pOyije	akulu/Ar/mokulu/mEr	ijer	pOyijer
	Fem.	Al/mOlu	ijal	pOyijal
	Neut.	au/undu	iji	pOyiji	aikulu/undekulu	ija	pOyija

Note: You may see some people use ‘iji’ ending for first person singular, ‘yAn pOyiji’ instead of ‘yAn pOyijae’ though grammatically it is wrong.

1. Verbs ending in ‘pu’

Example: jeppu (jeppuni) – To sleep (Kannada: malaguvudu)

jeppu >>> jett + personal ending = jettijae - I did not sleep (Kannada: nAnu malagalilla)

yAn jettijae – I did not sleep

I jettija – You did not sleep

Aye/imbe jettije – He did not sleep

Al/mOlu jettijal – She did not sleep

au/undu jettiji – It did not sleep

nama/enkulu jettija – We did not sleep

Ir/nikulu jettijar – You did not sleep

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr jettijer – They did not sleep

undekulu/aikulu jettija – They did not sleep

2. Verbs ending in ‘N’

Example: tiN (tiNpini) – To eat (Kannada: tinnuvudu)

tiN + D + personal ending = tiNDijae - I did not eat (Kannada: nAnu tinnalilla)

yAn tiNDijae – I did not eat

I tiNDija – You did not eat

Aye/imbe tiNDije – He did not eat

Al/mOlu tiNDijal – She did not eat

au/undu tiNDiji – It did not eat

nama/enkulu tiNDija – We did not eat

Ir/nikulu tiNDijar – You did not eat

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr tiNDijer – They did not eat

undekulu/aikulu tiNDija – They did not eat

3. All other verbs.

Example: Odu (Oduni) – To read (Kannada: Oduvudu)

Odu + i + personal ending = Odijae – I did not read (Kannada: nAnu Odalilla)

yAn Odijae – I did not read

I Odija – You did not read

Aye/imbe Odije – He did not read

Al/mOlu Odijal – She did not read

au/undu Odiji – It did not read

nama/enkulu Odija – We did not read

Ir/nikulu Odijar – You did not read

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr Odijer – They did not read

undekulu/aikulu Odija – They did not read

The verbs ‘bar’ (barpini – To come), ‘sai’ (saipini – To die) and ‘bey’ (beypini – To be cooked/boiled) are irregular.

bar + t + personal ending – battijae = I did not come (Kannada: nAnu baralilla)

sai + t + personal ending – saitijae = I did not die (Kannada: nAnu sAyalilla)

bey + t + personal ending – beytiji = It is not cooked / boiled (Kannada: adu/idu bEyalilla)

A (Apini) – To become/happen (Kannada: Aguvudu)

A + i + personal ending = Ayijae- I did not become (Kannada: nAnu Agalilla)

yAn Ayijae – I did not become

I Ayija – You did not become

Aye/imbe Ayije – He did not become

Al/mOlu Ayijal – She did not become

au/undu Ayiji – It did not become /It did not happen/

nama/enkulu Ayija – We did not become

Ir/nikulu Ayijar – You did not become

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr Ayijer – They did not become

undekulu/aikulu Ayija – They did not become

uppu/ippu (uppuni/ippuni) – To be (Kannada: iruvudu)

ippu >>> itt + personal ending = ittijae – I was not (Kannada: nAnu iralilla)

yAn ittijae – I was not

I ittija – You were not

Aye/imbe ittije – He was not

Al/mOlu ittijal – She was not

au/undu ittiji – It was not

nama/enkulu ittija – We were not

Ir/nikulu ittijar – You were not

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr ittijer – They were not

undekulu/aikulu ittija – They were not

Example sentences:

Tulu: barsa battiji

English: It did not rain

Kannada: maLe baralilla

Tulu: yAn ninan tUyijae

English: It did not see you

Kannada: nAnu ninnannu nODalilla

Tulu: akulu eNDa pAterijer

English: They did not speak with me

Kannada: avaru nannalli mAtannADalilla

Tulu: enna dOsti enan lettije

English: My friend did not call me

Kannada: nanna geLeya nannannu kareyalilla

Tulu: jayante illaD ittije

English: Jayanth was not at home

Kannada: jayanta maneyalli iralilla

Tulu: Aye uNDije / Aye onas maltije

English: He did not have lunch/dinner

Kannada: avanu UTa mADalilla

Tulu: niNDa kAs ittiji

English: You did not have money

Kannada: ninnalli duDDu iralilla

Interrogative in Simple Past:

I hope you already know how to make interrogative form of sentences in Tulu.

Tulu: onas ANDa? / uNDara?

English: Had your lunch/dinner?

Kannada: UTa Ayta?

Tulu: AND, irena ANDe? (giving respect to the listener)

English: Yes, what about you?

Kannada: Aytu, nimdu Ayta?

Tulu: chA pariyare? (giving respect to the listener)

English: Had your tea?

Kannada: chahA kuDidra?

Tulu: jayante bEleg pOyena?

English: Did Jayanth go to work?

Kannada: jayanta kelasakke hOdana?

Tulu: I aleDa kENDana?

English: Did you ask her?

Kannada: nInu avalalli kELidiya?

Tulu: Aye ninna purse kaNDiyena?

English: Did he steal your purse?

Kannada: avanu ninna purse kaddana?

Tulu: I ninna dOstyallen madimeg lettana?

English: Did you call (invite) your friends for the wedding?

Kannada: nInu ninna geLeyarannu maduvege karediya?

Tulu: Ar nikk phone maltijera?

English: Didn’t he/she call you?

Kannada: avaru ninge phone mADalilva?

Tulu: pEr kanattijana?

English: Didn’t you bring milk?

Kannada: nInu hAlu taralilva?

Tulu: chAkk sakkarae pADijare?

English: Didn’t you add sugar to tea?

Kannada: nIvu chahAge sakkare hAkalilva?

Tulu: nela aDtana?

English: Did you sweep the floor?

Kannada: nela guDisidya?

Tulu: nela ochchijana?

English: Didn’t you wipe the floor?

Kannada: nInu nela oresalillava?

Tulu: kuNTu ardiyala?

English: Did she wash the clothes?

Kannada: baTTe ogedaLa?

Tulu: bAjana dekkijena?

English: Didn’t he wash the dishes?

Kannada: avanu pAtre toLilillava?

Click here to go to Vocabulary page.

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See you next week!

solmelu!

Tulu Lesson 9: Simple Past Tense, Compound Verbs

namaskAra! encha ullar?

So far, we have learned simple present and future tense in Tulu. Today we are going to learn Simple Past Tense. Simple Past Tense is used to talk about a completed action in a time before now. The time of the action can be in the recent past or the distant past. Before going to Simple Past, let us learn few compound verbs.

Example: mOkae malpuni – To love

As you see in the above example, we have two words in Tulu for one English word. This is what we call Compound verbs. Though second word is always a verb, the first word can be a noun, an adjective or a past adverbial participle. To make verb conjugation, we can apply the same rule here. In all cases, we need to change the second word, not the first one.

mOkae malpuvae – I love

mOkae malpae – I will probably love

Some of the compound verbs we use in daily conversation:

mApu malpuni  (mApu malpu) – To forgive

kOpa malpuni (kOpa malpu) – To get angry

bElae malpuni (bElae malpu) – To work

upadra malpuni/upadra korpini – To disturb someone

kebi korpini (kebi koru) – To listen

nAD pattuni (nAD patt) – To find out/discover

beri pattuni (beri patt) – To chase

pagae kaTTuni – (pagae kaTT) – To seek revenge

kana kaTTuni (kana kaTT) – To dream

madimae Apini (madimae A) – To marry

peTT pADuni (peTT pAD) - To beat

dakk’d pADuni (dakk’d pAD) - To lose something  

dakk’d pOpini (dakk’d pO) - To be lost

kondarpini (kondu + barpini) – To bring

kondOpini (kondu + pOpini) – To take away/ To take something to another place

‘kondu’ is the past adverbial participle of  the auxiliary verb ‘koNu’ (koNuni – To hold) which is used in forming compound verbs and also in reflexive verbs.

In common dialect of Tulu, these verbs are modified as follows:

kondarpini (kondar) >>> kanapini (kana) – To bring

kondOpini (kondO) >>> konopini (kono) - To take away/ To take something to another place

The verb ‘kana’/‘kondar’ is conjugated same as ‘bar’ and the verb ‘kono’/‘kondO’ is conjugated as ‘pO’.

kondarpae or kanapae – I bring / I will bring

kondOpae or konopae – I take it away / I will take it away

kondaruvae or kanavae – I will probably bring

kondOvae or konovae – I will probably take it away

kondarpujae or kanapujae - I do not bring / I will not bring

kondOpujae or konopujae – I do not take it away / I will not take it away

kondarayae or kanayae – I will probably not bring

kondOvayae or konovayae – I will probably not take it away

  

Alright! Coming back to Simple Past. There are three conjugations in Simple Past. In Simple Present and Future tense, we had different conjugations for Class A and Class B verbs.  However, in Simple Past we have three groups:

1. Verbs ending in ‘pu’

2. Verbs ending in ‘N’

3. All other verbs.

Personal endings in Simple Past Tense are same as Simple Present Tense. Third person neuter singular is exception.

		Singular			Plural
		Pronoun	Ending	Example: pO	Pronoun	Ending	Example: pO
First Person		yAn	ae	pOyae	nama/enkulu	a	pOya
Second Person		I	a	pOya	nikulu/Ir	ar	pOyar
Third Person	Masc.	Aye/imbe	e	pOye	akulu/Ar/mokulu/mEr	er	pOyer
	Fem.	Al/mOlu	al	pOyal
	Neut.	au/undu	ND	pOND	aikulu/undekulu	a	pOya

1. Verbs ending in ‘pu’ 

To conjugate verbs ending in ‘pu’ in Simple Past Tense, replace ‘pu’ with ‘t’ and then add personal ending.

Example: malpu (malpuni) – To do

malpu >>> malt + personal ending = maltae - I did

yAn maltae – I did

I malta – You did

Aye/imbe malte – He did

Al/mOlu maltal – She did

au/undu malt’ND – It did

nama/enkulu malta – We did

Ir/nikulu maltar – You did

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr malter – They did

undekulu/aikulu malta – They did

2. Verbs ending in ‘N’

To conjugate verbs ending in ‘N’ in Simple Past Tense, add ‘D’ sound to root verb and then add personal ending.

Root verb + D + personal ending

Example: paN (paNpini) – To tell/say

paN + D + personal ending = paNDae - I told / I said

yAn paNDae – I said

I paNDa – You said

Aye/imbe paNDe – He said

Al/mOlu paNDal – She said

au/undu paND – It said (Additional ‘D’ sound is not added here, paN + ND = paN’ND, but usually pronounced as ‘paND’)

nama/enkulu paNDa – We said

Ir/nikulu paNDar – You said

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr paNDer – They said

undekulu/aikulu paNDa – They said

This form is used in common Tulu. However, in some other dialects, verbs ending in ‘N’ also conjugated same as ‘All other verbs’.

3. All other verbs.

To conjugate verbs in Simple Past Tense, add ‘i’ sound to root verb and then add personal ending.

Root verb + i + personal ending

Example: kor (korpini) – To give

kor + i + personal ending = koriyae – I gave

yAn koriyae – I gave

I koriya – You gave

Aye/imbe koriye – He gave

Al/mOlu koriyal – She gave

au/undu kor’ND – It gave ( ‘i’ sound is not added here, kor + ND = kor’ND)

nama/enkulu koriya – We gave

Ir/nikulu koriyar – You gave

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr koriyer – They gave

undekulu/aikulu koriya – They gave

The verbs ‘bar’ (barpini – To come), ‘sai’ (saipini – To die) and ‘bey’ (beypini – To be cooked/boiled) are irregular. These verbs are conjugated in Simple Past Tense by adding ‘t’ sound to root verb. 

bar + t + personal ending – battae = I came

sai + t + personal ending – saitae = I died

bey + t + personal ending – beyt’ND = It is cooked / boiled

yAn battae – I came

I batta – You came

Aye/imbe batte – He came

Al/mOlu battal – She came

au/undu batt’ND – It came

nama/enkulu batta – We came

Ir/nikulu battar – You came

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr batter – They came

undekulu/aikulu batta – They came

yAn saitae – I died

I saita – You died

Aye/imbe saite – He died

Al/mOlu saital – She died

au/undu sait’ND – It died

nama/enkulu saita – We died

Ir/nikulu saitar – You died

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr saiter – They died

undekulu/aikulu saita – They died

Let us conjugate more verbs in Simple Tense.

kApu (kApuni) – To wait

yAn kAtae – I waited

I kAta – You waited

Aye/imbe kAte – He waited

Al/mOlu kAtal – She waited

au/undu kAt’ND – It waited

nama/enkulu kAta – We waited

Ir/nikulu kAtar – You waited

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr kAter – They waited

undekulu/aikulu kAta – They waited

leppu (leppuni) – To call/invite

yAn lettae – I called

I letta – You called

Aye/imbe lette – He called

Al/mOlu lettal – She called

au/undu lett’ND – It called

nama/enkulu letta – We called

Ir/nikulu lettar – You called

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr letter – They called

undekulu/aikulu letta – They called

tU (tUpini) – To see

yAn tUyae – I saw

I tUya – You saw

Aye/imbe tUye – He saw

Al/mOlu tUyal – She saw

au/undu tUND – It saw

nama/enkulu tUya – We saw

Ir/nikulu tUyar – You saw

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr tUyer – They saw

undekulu/aikulu tUya – They saw

buDu (buDpini) – To leave

yAn buDiyae – I left

I buDiya – You left

Aye/imbe buDiye – He left

Al/mOlu buDiyal – She left

au/undu buD’ND – It left

nama/enkulu buDiya – We left

Ir/nikulu buDiyar – You left

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr buDiyer – They left

undekulu/aikulu buDiya – They left

uN (uNpini) - To eat / To have lunch/dinner

yAn uNDae – I had lunch/dinner

I uNDa – You had lunch/dinner

Aye/imbe uNDe – He had lunch/dinner

Al/mOlu uNDal – She had lunch/dinner

au/undu uND – It had lunch/dinner (uN’ND usually pronounced as uND)

nama/enkulu uNDa – We had lunch/dinner

Ir/nikulu uNDar – You had lunch/dinner

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr uNDer – They had lunch/dinner

undekulu/aikulu uNDa – They had lunch/dinner

kEN (kENuni) To hear/listen/ask

yAn kENDae – I asked

I kENDa – You asked

Aye/imbe kENDe – He asked

Al/mOlu kENDal – She asked

au/undu kEND – It asked (kEN’ND usually pronounced as kEND)

nama/enkulu kENDa – We asked

Ir/nikulu kENDar – You asked

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr kENDer – They asked

undekulu/aikulu kENDa – They asked

A (Apini) – To become/happen

yAn Ayae – I became

I Aya – You became

Aye/imbe Aye – He became

Al/mOlu Ayal – She became

au/undu AND – It became/It happened/It’s done/Finished

nama/enkulu Aya – We became

Ir/nikulu Ayar – You became

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr Ayer – They became

undekulu/aikulu Aya – They became

uppu/ippu (uppuni/ippuni) – To be

yAn ittae – I was

I itta – You were

Aye/imbe itte – He was

Al/mOlu ittal – She was

au/undu itt’ND – It was

nama/enkulu itta – We were

Ir/nikulu ittar – You were

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr itter – They were

undekulu/aikulu itta – They were

kana (kanapini) – To bring

This verb is derived from compound verb ‘kondu bar’. So, it is conjugated as ‘bar’

yAn kanattae – I brought

I kanatta – You brought

Aye/imbe kanatte – He brought

Al/mOlu kanattal – She brought

au/undu kanatt’ND – It brought

nama/enkulu kanatta – We brought

Ir/nikulu kanattar – You brought

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr kanatter – They brought

undekulu/aikulu kanatta – They brought

kono (konopini) – To take away

This verb is derived from compound verb ‘kondu pO’. So, it is conjugated as ‘pO’

yAn konoyae – I took it away

I konoya – You took it away

Aye/imbe konoye – He took it away

Al/mOlu konoyal – She took it away

au/undu konoND – It took it away

nama/enkulu konoya – We took it away

Ir/nikulu konoyar – You took it away

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr konoyer – They took it away

undekulu/aikulu konoya – They took it away

Example sentences:

Tulu: jOkulu sAleg pOyer
English:  Children went to school
Kannada: makkaLu shAlege hOdaru

Tulu: enklena illaDe binner batter
English:  Guests came to our house.
Kannada: namma manege neNTru bandru

Tulu: yAn onji gaNTae kAtae
English:  I waited for one hour.
Kannada: nAnu ondu gaNTe kAde

Tulu: yAn tulu kaltae
English:  I learnt Tulu
Kannada: nAnu tuLu kalite

Tulu: enna onas AND / yAn uNDae
English:  I had my lunch/dinner
Kannada: nanna UTa Aytu

Tulu: Aye illaD itte
English:  He was at home
Kannada: avanu maneyalli idda

Tulu: I kukku tiNDa
English:  You ate a mango.
Kannada: nInu mAvina haNNu tinde

Tulu: Ar enk kAkaji bareyer
English:  He/She wrote a letter to me.
Kannada: avaru nanage kAgada baredaru

Tulu: enkulu posa ill kaTTiya
English:  We build a new house
Kannada: nAvu hosa mane kaTTidevu

Tulu: alena ungila dakk’d pOND
English:  Her ring is lost
Kannada: avaLa ungura bisADi hOytu/kaLedu hoytu

Tulu: Al ungilan dakk’d pADiyal
English:  She lost the ring
Kannada: avaLu unguravannu bisADi hAkidaLu/kaLedu hAkidaLu

Tulu: I enan madata
English:  You forgot me
Kannada: nInu nannannu marete

Tulu: enkulu suden kaData
English:  We crossed the river
Kannada: nAvu nadiyannu dATidevu

Tulu: portu kant’ND / sUrya kant’ND
English:  The sun has set
Kannada: sUrya muLugitu

Tulu: mullu kant’ND
English:  Thorn pricked
Kannada: muLLu chuchchitu

Tulu: Ar mIn kanatter
English:  He/She brought fish
Kannada: avaru mInu tandaru

Tulu: Ar bAlen konoyer
English:  He/She took the child away
Kannada: avaru maguvannu koNDu hOdaru

Tulu: yAn bAkil pADiyae
English:  I closed the door
Kannada: nAnu bAgilu hAkide/muchchide

Tulu: yAn bAkil dettae
English:  I opened the door
Kannada: nAnu bAgilu terede

Tulu: Aye Doctor Aye
English:  He became a Doctor
Kannada: avanu Doctor Ada

Tulu: Ayeg bEjAr AND
English:  He felt bad
Kannada: avanige bEjAr aytu

Tulu: nikk kushi AND
English:  You felt happy
Kannada: ninage kushi Aytu

Tulu: enk kODae bElae itt’ND
English:  I had work yesterday
Kannada: nanage ninne kelasa ittu

Tulu: nuppu beyt’ND
English:  The rice is cooked
Kannada: anna benditu

New words:

binner – guests

kukku – mango

kAkaji – paper/a letter

posa – new

ungila – ring

portu – time

sUrya – sun

mullu - thorn

mIn – fish

bAkil – door

nuppu – rice (boiled)

Click here to go to Vocabulary page.

Click here for Video lessons

See you next week!

solmelu!

Tulu Lesson 8: Negative and Interrogative in Future Tense

Hello everyone! Welcome back!

Last week we have learnt how to conjugate verbs in Future tense. I hope you had no problem with that. Today we are going to learn negative and interrogative form of sentences in Future Tense.

To make negative form of personal endings in Future tense, we have to add ‘ay’ sound. Third person neuter singular is irregular.

		Singular			Plural
		Pronoun	Ending	Example: bar	Pronoun	Ending	Example: bar
First Person		yAn	ayae	barayae	nama/enkulu	aya	baraya
Second Person		I	aya	baraya	nikulu/Ir	ayar	barayar
Third Person	Masc.	Aye/imbe	aye	baraye	akulu/Ar/mokulu/mEr	ayer	barayer
	Fem.	Al/mOlu	ayal	barayal
	Neut.	au/undu	and	barand	aikulu/undekulu	aya	baraya

To conjugate verbs, we have to just add personal endings directly to root verbs without using any additional sounds in between. This is applicable for both Class A and Class B verbs. However, verbs ending with long vowels (like pO, dI, mI, A, tU, rA, sai) are exceptions. These verbs can be conjugated by adding additional ‘v’ sound in between root verb and personal ending.

Class A verb: bar (barpini) – To come

bar + ayae = barayae

yAn barayae – I will probably not come

I baraya – You will probably not come

Aye/imbe baraye – He will probably not come

Al/mOlu barayal – She will probably not come

au/undu barand – It will probably not come

nama/enkulu baraya – We will probably not come

Ir/nikulu barayar – You will probably not come

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr barayer – They will probably not come

undekulu/aikulu baraya – They will probably not come

Class A verb: pO (pOpini) – To go

pO + v + ayae = pOvayae

yAn pOvayae – I will probably not go

I pOvaya – You will probably not go

Aye/imbe pOvaye – He will probably not go

Al/mOlu pOvayal – She will probably not go

au/undu pOvand – It will probably not go

nama/enkulu pOvaya – We will probably not go

Ir/nikulu pOvayar – You will probably not go

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr pOvayer – They will probably not go

undekulu/aikulu pOvaya – They will probably not go

Class B verb: mAr (mAruni) – To sell

mAr + ayae = mArayae

yAn mArayae – I will probably not sell

I mAraya – You will probably not sell

Aye/imbe mAraye – He will probably not sell

Al/mOlu mArayal – She will probably not sell

au/undu mArand – It will probably not sell

nama/enkulu mAraya – We will probably not sell

Ir/nikulu mArayar – You will probably not sell

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr mArayer – They will probably not sell

undekulu/aikulu mAraya – They will probably not sell

Class B verb: malpu (malpuni) – To do

malpu + ayae = malpayae

yAn malpayae – I will probably not do

I malpaya – You will probably not do

Aye/imbe malpaye – He will probably not do

Al/mOlu malpayal – She will probably not do

au/undu malpand – It will probably not do

nama/enkulu malpaya – We will probably not do

Ir/nikulu malpayar – You will probably not do

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr malpayer – They will probably not do

undekulu/aikulu malpaya – They will probably not do

Class A verb: A (Apini - to become/happen)

A + v + ayae = Avayae

yAn Avayae – I will probably not become

I Avaya – You will probably not become

Aye/imbe Avaye – He will probably not become

Al/mOlu Avayal – She will probably not become

au/undu Avand – It will probably not become (It may not happen)

nama/enkulu Avaya – We will probably not become

Ir/nikulu Avayar – You will probably not become

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr Avayer – They will probably not become

undekulu/aikulu Avaya – They will probably not become

Class B: uppu (uppuni – to be)

uppu + ayae = uppayae

yAn uppayae – I will probably not be

I uppaya – You will probably not be

Aye/imbe uppaye – He will probably not be

Al/mOlu uppayal – She will probably not be

au/undu uppand – It will probably not be

nama/enkulu uppaya – We will probably not be

Ir/nikulu uppayar – You will probably not be

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr uppayer – They will probably not be

undekulu/aikulu uppaya – They will probably not be

Examples:

Tulu: ini barsa barand
English: It may not rain today.
Kannada: ivattu maLe baradu

Tulu: Aye illaD uppaye
English: He may not be at home
Kannada: avanu maneyalli iranu

Tulu: I eNDa pAteraya
English: You will probably not speak with me.
Kannada: nInu nannalli mAtannADe

Tulu: Al Ayen madimae Avayal
English: She will probably not marry him
Kannada: avalu avanannu maduve AgaLu

Tulu: patteDd jAsti jana uppayer
English: There may not be more than 10 people.
Kannada: hattakkinta jAsti jana iraru

Tulu: Ar ninan mApu malpayer
English: He will probably not forgive you.
Kannada: avaru ninnannu kshamisaru

Tulu: akleg mUlu eDDae Avand
English: They may not feel comfortable here.
Kannada: avarige illi sari Agadu

Tulu: nikk kushi Avand
English: You may not feel happy.
Kannada: ninage kushi Agadu

The negative form of the Future Tense also used to express resolution or emphasis:

Examples:

Tulu: yAn Epola sullu paNayae
English:  I will never lie
Kannada: nAnu yAvattU suLLu hELenu

Tulu: kuDora yAn barayae
English:  I will never come again
Kannada: innomme nAnu barenu

Tulu: nana mitt yAn niNDa pAterayae
English:  From now on, I will never speak to you.
Kannada: innu munde nAnu ninnalli mAtannADenu

Tulu: Aye ninan Epogla buDaye
English:  He will never leave you.
Kannada: avanu ninnannu yAvattigU biDanu

Tulu: yAn ninan madapayae
English:  I will never forget you
Kannada: nAnu ninnannu mareyenu

To make the interrogative form of sentences, we need to add ‘a’ or ‘na’ at the end. If a word or sentence ends in vowel ‘a’, ‘e’, 'ae' or ‘o’, then add ‘na’. If a word or sentence ends in a consonant (half-u), ‘i’ or ‘u’, then add ‘a’. But what is important here is the way we pronounce the sentence to make it a question.

Aye barpe – He comes/He will come

Aye baruve – He will probably come

Aye barpena? – Does he come?/Will he come?

Aye baruvena? – Will he come? (Is there any possibility he will come?)

Aye barpujena? – Doesn’t he come?/Won’t he come?

Aye barayena? – Won’t he come? (Is there any possibility he will not come?)

yAn baruvena? – Will I come? (Is there any possibility I will come?)

yAn barayena? – Won’t I come? (Is there any possibility I will not come?)

I baruvana? – Will you come? (Is there any possibility you will come?)

I barayana? – Won’t you come? (Is there any possibility you will not come?)

Al baruvala? – Will she come? (Is there any possibility she will come?)

Al barayala? -  Won’t she come? (Is there any possibility she will not come?)

au baruva? – Will it come? (Is there any possibility it will come?)

au baranda? – Won’t it come? (Is there any possibility it will not come?)

nama baruvana? – Will we come? (Is there any possibility we will come?)

nama barayana? – Won’t we come? (Is there any possibility we will not come?)

nikulu baruvara? – Will you come? (Is there any possibility you will come?)

nikulu barayara? – Won’t you come? (Is there any possibility you will not come?)

akulu baruvera? – Will they come? (Is there any possibility they will come?)

akulu barayera? – Won’t they come? (Is there any possibility they will not come?)

aikulu baruvana? – Will they come? (Is there any possibility they will come?)

aikulu barayana? – Won’t they come? (Is there any possibility they will not come?)

Examples:

nama onji gaNTeD etta – We will probably reach in an hour.

nama onji gaNTeD ettaya – We will probably not reach in an hour.

nama onji gaNTeD ettana? – Is there any possibility we will reach in an hour?

nama onji gaNTeD ettayana? - Is there any possibility we will not reach in an hour?

Tulu: Aye ini pOvena?
English:  Is there any possibility he will go today?
Kannada: avanu ivattu hOdAna?

Tulu: Aye ini pOvene? (giving respect to listener)
English:  Is there any possibility he will go today?
Kannada: avanu ivattu hOdAna?

Tulu: and, pOve
English:  Yes, he will probably go
Kannada: houdu, hOdAnu

Tulu: ijji, pOvaye
English:  No, he will probably not go
Kannada: illa, hOganu

Tulu: Aye illaD uppena?
English:  Is there any possibility he will be at home?
Kannada: avanu maneyalli irabahuda?

Tulu: Aye illaD uppene? (giving respect to listener)
English:  Is there any possibility he will be at home?
Kannada: avanu maneyalli irabahuda?

Tulu: dAnna! enk gottuji
English:  Perhaps so! I don’t know
Kannada: EnO! nanage gottilla

dAne = What

dAnna (dAne + na) = something/maybe/perhaps/not certain/don’t know (used when one does not wish to be definite or assertive in the expression of an opinion.)

Tulu: Aye illaD uppena, dAnna!
English:  Perhaps, he will be at home
Kannada: avanu maneyalli irabahudO, EnO!

Tulu: Aye ellae barayena, dAnna!
English:  Maybe, he will not come tomorrow
Kannada: avanu nALe bAranO, EnO!

Aye Doctor Ape – He will become a Doctor.

Aye Doctor Ave – He will probably become a Doctor.

Aye Doctor Apena? - Will he become a Doctor?

Aye Doctor Avena? - Is there any possibility he will become a Doctor?

Aye Doctor Apuje – He will not become a Doctor.

Aye Doctor Avaye - He will probably not become a Doctor

Aye Doctor Apujena? – Won’t he become a Doctor?

Aye Doctor Avayena? - Is there any possibility he will not become a Doctor?

Ayeg bEjAr Avu – He will probably feel bad.

Ayeg bEjAr Avand – He will probably not feel bad.

Ayeg bEjAr Ava? – Will he feel bad? (Is there any possibility he will feel bad?)

Ayeg bEjAr Avanda? – Won’t he feel bad? (Is there any possibility he will not feel bad?)

In Tulu ‘Avu’ is also used to express consent like ‘okay’ in English.

Tulu: nikk ov Avu? chAna, kAphiya?
English:  What do you prefer? Tea or Coffee? Literally “Which one is okay for you, Tea or Coffee”
Kannada: ninage yAvudu AdItu? chahAna, kAphIna?

Tulu: chA Ava, kAphi Ava?
English:  Would you like to have tea or coffee?
Kannada: chahA AdIta, kAphi AdIta?

Tulu: chA Ave, kAphi Ave? (giving respect to listener)
English:  Would you like to have tea or coffee?
Kannada: chahA AdIta, kAphi AdIta?

Tulu: enk chA Avu
English:  I prefer Tea (Literally “Tea is okay for me”)
Kannada: nanage chahA AdItu

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(Note: Tulu sentences used in this lesson are common in daily conversation. But, I don't think Kannada translations in this lesson are used in daily conversation. You may only see them in historical movies or plays, if I am not wrong. If I made any mistakes in Kannada translations, feel free to correct me) 

All right! With this we come to the end of lesson 8. See you next week!

solmelu!