Tulu Lesson 23: Potential mood (must, should, need, can, may)

namaskAra! encha ullar?

Today we are going to learn Potential mood in Tulu. Potential mood is used to express ability, permission, obligation, expectation or necessity of an action. Examples: He should come, You may go, He can write etc.

In Tulu, Potential mood is formed by using the following modal verbs or suffixes:

Suffix ‘oDu’

Modal verb ‘boDchi’

Suffix ‘oli’

Modal verb ‘balli’

Modal verbs ‘tIruni’ or ‘Apini’

Suffix ‘oDu’: To express obligation, expectation or necessity (must, should or need)

The suffix ‘oDu’ is derived from the modal verb ‘bODu’ which means ‘want’ or ‘need’.

Root verb + oDu

bar + oDu >>> baroDu – should come / must come / need come (Kannada: barabEku)

tiN + oDu >>> tiNoDu – should eat / must eat / need eat (Kannada: tinnabEku)

malpu + oDu >>> malpoDu - should do / must do / need do (mADabEku)

malpA + oDu >>> malpAvoDu - should have someone do / must have someone do / need have someone do (mADisabEku)

maltoNu + oDu >>> maltoNoDu - should do for oneself/ must do for oneself / need do for oneself (mADikoLLabEku)

Modal verb ‘boDchi’: To express suggestion or necessity (must not / should not / need not)

Modal verb ‘boDchi’ (don’t want or don’t need) is directly added to Present Gerunds

Present Gerund + boDchi

pOpini + boDchi >>> pOpinaboDchi - should not go / must not go / need not go (Kannada: hOguvudubEDa)

paNpini + boDchi >>> paNpinaboDchi – should not tell / must not tell / need not tell (Kannada: hELuvudubEDa)

malpuni + boDchi >>> malpunaboDchi - should not do / must not do / need not do (Kannada: mADuvudubEDa)

Suffix ‘oli’: To express permission (may or can)

Root verb + oli

bar + oli >>> baroli – may come / can come / permitted to come (Kannada: barabahudu)

rA + oli >>> rAvoli – may fly (Kannada: hArabahudu)

jeppu + oli >>> jeppoli – may sleep (Kannada: malagabahudu)

malpu + oli >>> malpoli – may do (Kannada: mADabahudu)

In English ‘may’ is also used to express probability. But in Tulu we have Uncertain Future Tense to express probability.

Example:

Tulu: Aye ellae baruve

English: He may come tomorrow (He will probably come tomorrow)

Kannada: avanu nALe barabahudu (avanu nALe bandAnu)

Modal verb ‘balli’: To express permission or necessity (may not or should not)

Modal verb ‘balli’ is directly added to infinitives

Infinitive + balli

pOyerae + balli >>> pOyeraeballi – may not go / not permitted to go / should not go (Kannada: hOgabAradu)

tiNDrae + balli >>> tiNDraeballi – may not eat (Kannada: tinnabAradu)

kullerae + balli >>> kulleraeballi – may not sit (Kannada: kUtukoLLabAradu)

malperae + balli >>> malperaeballi – may not do (Kannada: mADabAradu)

Modal verbs ‘tIruni’ or ‘Apini’: To express ability (can / could / be able / not be able)

The third person neuter present tense/future tense/past tense form of the verbs ‘tIruni’ (To be able) and ‘Apini’ (To become) are used with infinitives.

Infinitive + tIruni/Apini

Present:

pOyerae + tIruNDu/ApuNDu  >>> pOyerae tIruNDu / pOyerae ApuNDu –  can go / be able to go (Kannada: hOgaballe / hOgalu sAdyavide)

malperae tIruNDu – can do (Kannda: mADaballe / mADalu sAdyavide)

rAyerae ApuNDu – can fly (Kannada: hAraballe / hAralu sAdyavide)

naDaperae tIruji – cannot walk (Kannada: naDeyalAre / naDeyalu sAdyavilla)

unterae Apuji – cannot stand (Kannada: nillalAre / nillalu sAdyavilla)

Future:

pOyerae tIru / pOyerae Avu – will be able to go / may be able to go (Kannada: hOgaballe / hOgalu sAdyavAdItu) 

tiNDrae Avand – will not be able to eat / may not be able to eat (Kannada: tinnalu Agadu / tinnalAre)

buliperae tIrand – will not be able to cry (Kannada: aLalAre / aLalu sAdyavilla)

Past:

pOyerae tIr’ND / pOyerae AND – could go / was able to go (Kannada: hOgalu sAdyavAytu)

naDaperae tIriji – could not walk (Kannada: naDeyalu Agalilla)

bareyerae Ayiji – could not write (Kannada: bareyalu Agalilla)

Lets us now make some sentences in potential mood.

Tulu: Ir khaNDita baroDu

English: You must come

Kannada: nIvu khaNDita barabEku

Tulu: I bEga jeppoDu

English: You should sleep early

Kannada: nInu bEga malagabEku

Tulu: Aye ellae baroDu

English: He should come tomorrow

Kannada: avanu nALe barabEku

Tulu: mAta janokulu oggaTTavoDu

English: All people need to unite.

Kannada: ella janagaLu oggaTTagabEku

Tulu: I ori Doctor AvoDu

English: You should become a Doctor

Kannada: nInobba Doctor AgabEku

Tulu: yAn pOvoDa?

English: Should I go?

Kannada: nAnu hOgabEka?

Tulu: yAn pOvoDa, boDcha?

English: Should I go or not?

Kannada: nAnu hOgabEka, bEDva?

Tulu: yAn dAda malpoDu?

English: What should I do?

Kannada: nAnu Enu mADabEku?

Tulu: suru nama illaDe pOvodu

English: We need to go home first

Kannada: modalu nAvu manege hOgabEku

Tulu: yAn ellae kANDae enma gaNTeg sAleD uppoDu, enk parIkhsae UNDu

English: I must be at school tomorrow at 8 a.m. I have an exam

Kannada: nAnu nALe beLigge eNTu gaNTege shAleyalli irabEku, nanage parIkhse ide

Tulu: akulu ellae barpinaboDchi

English: They should not come tomorrow 

Kannada: avaru nALe baruvudubEDa

Tulu: I ini sAleg pOpinaboDchi

English: You don’t have to go to school today

Kannada: nInu ivattu shAlege hOguvudubEDa

Tulu: Ar dAla bElae malpunaboDchi, yAn malpuvae

English: He/She need not do any work, I will do

Kannada: avaru EnU kelasa mADuvudubEDa, nAnu mADtEne

Tulu: yAn pOpinaboDcha?

English: Shouldn’t I go?

Kannada: nAnu hOguvudubEDva?

Tulu: nama laDai malpunaboDchi

English: We should not fight

Kannada: nAvu jagala ADuvudubEDa

Tulu: Aye ulai barpinaboDChi, pidai kApaD

English: He must not come inside, let him wait outside

Kannada: avanu oLage baruvudubEDa, horage kAyali

Tulu: I itte pOvoli

English: You may go now

Kannada: nInu Iga hOgabahudu

Tulu: Ir ini rajae dettonoli

English: You may take leave today

Kannada: nIvu ivattu raje tegedukoLLabahudu

Tulu: yAn ulai baroliye?

English: May I come in?

Kannada: nAnu oLage barabahuda?

Tulu: yAn ninnoTTugu baroliya?

English: May I come with you?

Kannada: nAnu ninna jate barabahuda?

Tulu: enk onji sAya malpoliya?

English: Can you do me a favor?

Kannada: nanage ondu sahAya maDabahuda?

Tulu: vArogora illaDe pOvoli

English: (One) Can go home once a week

Kannada: vArakkomme manege hOgabahudu

Tulu: Aye baryere balli

English: He may not (not allowed to) come

Kannada: avanu barabAradu

Tulu: Ir onas malpande pOyere balli

English: You may not leave without having the lunch/dinner

Kannada: nIvu UTa mADade hOgabAradu

Tulu: yAn ulai baryere balliya?

English: Am I not allowed to come in?

Kannada: nAnu oLage barabArada?

Tulu: nama sOpere balli, kuDora prayatna baroDu

English: We may not lose, we should try again

Kannada: nAvu sOlabAradu, innomme prayatnisabEku

Tulu: sullu paNDrae balli

English: (one) should not tell a lie

Kannada: suLLu hELabAradu

Tulu: buliperae balli

English: (One) should not cry

Kannada: aLabAradu

Tulu: enk nInderae ApuNDu

English: I can swim

Kannada: nAnu Ija balle

Tulu: Ayeg naDaperae tIruji

English: He can’t walk

Kannada: avanige naDeyOke Agalla

Tulu: nikk kudureDd bIsa baliperae tIruNDu

English: You are able to run faster than a horse.

Kannada: nInu kudureginta vEgavagi ODaballe

Tulu: enkleg ellae barrae Avand

English: We will not be able to come tomorrow / we may not be able to come tomorrow

Kannada: namage nALe baralu Agadu

Tulu: namak I bElae malperae tIruva?

English: Will we be able to do this work?

Kannada: namage I kelasa mADalu AdIta?

Tulu: akleg kODae pAterrae Ayiji

English: They could not speak yesterday

Kannada: avarige ninne mAtannADalu Agalilla

Tulu: nikk kANDae bEga lakkerae ANDa?

English: Were you able to get up early in the morning?

Kannada: ninage beLagge bEga ELOke Ayta?

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If you need more sentences translated in Tulu, please leave a comment. If you find this lesson helpful, please share it with your friends who wish to learn Tulu J

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solmelu!

Tulu Lesson 22: Interrogative and Indefinite Pronouns

namaskAra! Welcome back!

Today we are going to learn something very easy i.e. Interrogative and Indefinite Pronouns. We have already learned Subjective (Personal) pronouns in the lesson 2.

An interrogative pronoun is a pronoun which is used in order to ask questions. In Tulu we have following interrogative pronouns:

Tulu	Kannada	English
dAda	Enu	What
enchina	Enu / entadu	What
Er	yAru	Who
ov	yAvudu	Which one

Declensions of these pronouns are same as Subjective (Personal) Pronouns. But these pronouns are used in only some cases.

Examples:

Eren – whom (yArannu)

EreDd – from/by whom (yArinda)

Ereg – for/to whom (yArige)

Erna – whose (yAra)

ErDa – with/to whom (yAralli/yArondige)

dAden – what (Enannu)

enchinen – what (Enannu)

enchineg – to/for what (Enakke)

oven (oin) – which one (yAvudannu)

oiDd – from/by which (yAvudarinda)

oik – for/to which (yAvudakke)

oita – of which (yAvudara)

oiT – in which (yAvudaralli)

oiTa – with/to which (yAvudarondige)

Let us now make some sentences using these pronouns:

Tulu: ninna pudar dAda (or enchina)?

English: What is your name?

Kannada: ninna hesaru Enu?

Tulu: au dAda?

English: What is that?

Kannada: adu Enu?

Tulu: I dAda bElae malpuni?

English: What job do you do?

Kannada: nInu Enu kelasa mADuvudu?

Tulu: Er battini?

English: Who came?

Kannada: yAru bandadu?

Tulu: I kathen Er baretini?

English: Who has written this story?

Kannada: I katheyannu yAru barediruvudu

Tulu: undu Erna ill?

English: Whose house is this?

Kannada: idu yAra mane?

Tulu: EreDa paNDa?

English: With whom did you tell?

Kannada: yAralli hELide?

Tulu: I raDD angileD nikk ov Avu?

English: Which one do you chose from these two shirts?

Kannada: I eraDu angigaLalli ninage yAvudu AdItu?

An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that does not refer to any person or thing in particular. Some of the indefinite Pronouns in Tulu are:

Tulu	Kannada	English
dAla	EnU	Anything
dAdANDala	EnAdarU	Anything / Something
dAdana	EnO	Something
Erla	yArU	Anyone
EraNDala	yArAdarU	Anyone / Someone
Era	yArO	Someone
ovla	yAvudU	Anything
ovvANDala	yAvudAdarU	Anything
ovva	yAvudO	Something
oriye	obba	One person (M)
orti	obbaLu	One person (F)
onji	ondu	One thing
kuDonji	innondu	Another thing
kuDoriye	innobba	Another Person (M)
kuDorti	innobbaLu	Another Person (F)
mAta	ella	All
mAter	ellaru	All people
mAterla	ellArU	Everyone
mAtala	ellavU	Everything
kelavu	kelavu	Some
kelever	kelavaru	Some People

Declensions of these pronouns are same as Subjective (Personal) Pronouns. But these pronouns are used in only some cases. Also, the case suffixes should be added to the crude form before the suffixes ‘la’, ‘na’ or ‘a’

Examples:

dAla (dAda + la) = Anything (EnU)

dAdeg’la = for/to anything (EnakkU)

dAden’la = Anything (EnannU)

dAdANDala (dAda + ANDala) = Anything (EnAdarU)

dAdegANDala = for/to anything (EnakkAdrU0

dAdana (dAda + na) = Something (EnO)

dAdega = for/to something (EnakkO)

Erla (Er + la) = Anyone (yArU)

EreDd’la = From anyone (yArindalU)

EreDala = With/to anyone (yArondigU)

Era (Er + a) = Someone (yArO)

Erega = for/to someone (yArigO)

EreDana = With/to someone (yArondigO)

oikk'la = For/to anything (yAvudakkU)

oiDda = From something (yAvudarindalO)

oriyen = One person (M) (obbanannu)

ortiDd = from one person (F) (obbaLinda)

onjek = for/to one thing (ondakke)

kuDortiDa = with/to another person (F) (innobbaLinda)

mAtek’la =for/to everything (elladakkU)

mAtereDd’la = From everyone (ellarindalU)

kelavereg = for/to some people (kelavarige)

Let us now make some sentences using these pronouns:

Tulu: nikk dAla paNDrae (paNyerae) uNDa?

English: Do you have anything to say?

Kannada: ninage EnAdarU hELalikke ideya?

Tulu: pODyoDchi, dAla Apuji!

English: Don’t fear, nothing will happen!

Kannada: hedarbEDa, EnU Agalla!

Tulu: dAdANDala malpula

English: Do something

Kannada: EnAdarU mAdu

Tulu: Ayeg dAdana At’ND

English: Something has happened to him.

Kannada: avanige EnO Agide

Tulu: illaD Erla ullera?

English: Is anyone home?

Kannada: maneyalli yArAdarU iddIra?

Tulu: Erla ijjer

English: No one is there

Kannada: yArU illa

Tulu: dayadId, ErANDala enk sAya malpule

English: Please someone help me

Kannada: dayaviTTu, yArAdarU nanage sahAya mADi

Tulu: ninan Era lettonduller

English: Someone is calling you

Kannada: ninnannu yAro karitA iddAre

Tulu: Era baider

English: Someone has come

Kannada: yArO bandiddAre

Tulu: Era baidijer

English: Someone has not come

Kannada: yArO bandilla

Tulu: Erla baidijer

English: No one has come

Kannada: yArU bandilla

Tulu: EreDala paNoDchi

English: Don’t say with anyone

Kannada: yArallU hELabEDa

Tulu: Ar EreDana kENDer

English: He/She asked with someone

Kannada: avaru yArallO kELidaru

Tulu: oriye udda itte, kuDoriye kudya itte

English: One was tall and the other was short

Kannada: obba udda idda, innobba giDDa idda

Tulu: mAta pOyer

English: All went

Kannada: ellA hoDaru

Tulu: mAterla ninan tUvondu itter

English: Everyone was looking at you

Kannada: ellarU ninnannu nODuttiddaru

Tulu: mAtala sama ApuNDu

English: Everything will be alright

Kannada: ellavU sari Agtade

Tulu: kelavu batta, kelavu nanala baidija

English: Some came (have arrived), but some have not come yet

Kannada: kelavu bandavu, kelavu innU bandilla

Tulu: kelaver ini pOper, oridinakulu ellae pOper

English: Some will go today, rest of them will go tomorrow

Kannada: kelavaru ivattu hOgtAre, uLidavaru nALe hOgtAre

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If you need more sentences translated in Tulu, please leave a comment. If you find this lesson helpful, please share it with your friends who wish to learn Tulu J

See you next week!

solmelu!

Tulu Lesson 21: Imperative Mood

namaskAra! Welcome back!

So far we have finished 20 lessons in Tulu. I hope you are enjoying the lessons. If you have any feedbacks, please let me know. Today we are going to learn imperative forms in Tulu. The imperative mood is verb form that generally used to make a command or a request. Look at these sentences in English:

Go!

Be quit!

Let us go!

Let him do!

Now we are going to learn these types of sentences in Tulu.

Let us look at all of the imperative forms used in Tulu:

		Singular			Plural
		Pronoun	Ending	Example: malpu	Pronoun	Ending	Example: malpu
First Person		yAn	-	-	nama	ka/ga	malpuga
Second Person		I	la / nothing	malpula / malpu	nikulu/Ir	le	malpule
Third Person	Masc.	Aye/imbe	aD	malpaD	akulu/Ar/mokulu/mEr	aD	malpaD
	Fem.	Al/mOlu	aD	malpaD
	Neut.	au/undu	aD	malpaD	aikulu/undekulu	aD	malpaD

First Person Imperative forms:

First person plural imperatives are used mainly for suggesting an action to be performed together by the speaker and the listener.  

Tulu does not have imperative forms for the first person singular ‘yAn’.

As we know, we have two pronouns for first person plural in Tulu, they are:

1. nama - the person to whom spoken is also included
2. enkulu - the person to whom spoken is not included

Only ‘nama’ has imperative form in Tulu.

To make imperative form for the pronoun ‘nama’, we have to add ‘ka/ga’ to root verbs. (‘ka’ for Class A verbs and ‘ga’ for Class B verbs)

Root verb + ka/ga

malpu + ga >>> malpuga – Let us do (Kannda: mADONa)

bar + ka >>> barka – Let us come (Kannada: barONa)

uN + ka >>> uNka – Let us have lunch/dinner (Kannada: uTa mADONa)

kullu + ga >>> kulluga – Let us sit (Kannada: kuLitukoLLONa)

telipu + ga >>> telipuga Let us smile/laugh (Kannada: nagONa)

kEN + ga >>> kENga – Let us ask/hear (Kannada: kELONa)

paN + ka >>> paNka – Let us say (Kannada: hELONa)

tU + ka >>> tUka – Let us see (Kannada: nODONa)

tUpA + ga >>> tUpAga – Let us show (Kannada: tOrisONa)

pO + ka >>> pOka or pOyi – Let us go (Kannada: hOGONa)

The verb ‘pO’ is irregular. The imperative form ‘pOyi’ is used more frequently compared to ‘pOka’.

Examples:

Tulu: nama ellae tikk’ga

English: Let us meet tomorrow

Kannada: nAvu nALe sigONa

Tulu: nama kuDlag pOyi

English: Let us go to Mangalore

Kannada: nAvu mangaLUrige hOgONa

Tulu: dAda ApuNDu tUka

English: Let us see what will happen

Kannada: Enu Agtade nODONa

Tulu: nama kushiT uppuga

English: Let us be happy

Kannada: nAvu khushiyinda irONA

Tulu: ini naDatondu pOyi

English: Let us go walking today

Kannada: ivattu naDedukoNDu hOgONa

Tulu: nama tulu kalpuga

English: Let us learn Tulu

Kannada: nAvu tuLu kaliyONa

Tulu: nama ini movie’g pOya?

English: Let’s go to movie today?

Kannada: nAvu ivattu movie’ge hOgONva?

Tulu: chA parkana, boDcha?

English: Let us have tea or not?

Kannada: chaha kuDiyONva, bEDva?

There is no negative imperative form for the first persons in Tulu, but this can be expressed by using the negative Adverbial Participle with imperative forms of the verb ‘uppu’.

Examples:

Tulu: nama pOvandae uppuga

English: Let us not go

Kannda: nAvu hOgadirONa

Tulu: nama manipande uppuga

English: Let us not talk

Kannda: nAvu summane (mAtannADade) irONa

Tulu: nama dAla tiNandae uppuga

English: Let us not eat anything

Kannada: nAvu EnU tinnadirONa

Second Person Imperative forms:

Second Person imperatives are used for ordering, requesting or advising the listener to do something and to express a wish.

Usually the root verb itself is the imperative form for the second person singular. We can add the suffix ‘la’ optionally to the root verb. However, adding  the suffix ‘la’ is mandatory for the verbs with single syllable like tU, dI, mI, rA, A, sai (except pO) to make second person singular imperative forms.   

Root verb + la

malpu or malpula - Come (Kannada: mADu)

kEN or kENla - Hear/Ask/Listen (Kannada: kELu)

paN or paNla - Tell/Say (Kannada: hELu)

pO or pOla - Go (Kannada: hOgu)

tUla – See/Look (Kannada: nODu)

Ala – Become (Kannada: Agu)

rAla – Fly (Kannada: hAru)

dIla – Keep or Place (Kannada: iDu)

The verb ‘bar’ is irregular.

bar + la >>> balla >>> bala – Come (Kannada: bA)

To make second person plural imperative forms, the suffix ‘le’ is added to root verbs.   

Root verb + le

bar + le >>> balle >>> bale – Come (Kannada: banni)

kENle - Hear/Ask/Listen (Kannada: kELi)

paNle - Tell/Say (Kannada: hELi)

pOle - Go (Kannada: hOgi)

tUle – See/Look (Kannada: nODi)

Ale – Become (Kannada: Agi)

rAle – Fly (Kannada: hAri)

dIle – Keep or Place (Kannada: iDi)

Examples:

Tulu: rAma! iDe bala

English: Rama! Come here

Kannada: rAma! illi bA

Tulu: pENTeg pOdu ari kanala

English: Go to the bazaar and bring some rice

Kannada: pETege hOgi akki koNDu bA

Tulu: onji lOTae nIr koru

English: Give me a glass of water

Kannada: ondu lOTa nIru koDu

Tulu: satya paN

English: Tell the truth

Kannada: satya hELu

Tulu: sAleg pO

English: Go to school

Kannada: shAlege hOgu

Tulu: jAgrateD uppula

English: Be Careful

Kannada: jAgrateyinda iru

Tulu: ninna bElae malpu

English: Do your work

Kannda: ninna kelasa mADu

Tulu: posa angi dettoNDana? enk tUpAv (tOjAv)

English: Did you buy a new dress? Show it to me

Kannada: hosa angi takoNDeya? nanage tOrisu

Tulu: bAlen jeppAla

English: Make the baby to sleep

Kannada: maguvannu malagisu

Tulu: enan tUla

English: Look at me

Kannda: nannannu nODu

Tulu: nIr parle

English: Drink some water

Kannda: nIru kuDIri

Tulu: aven tirt dIle

English: Put that down

Kannada: adannu keLage iDi

Tulu: Ayen leppule

English: Call him

Kannda: avanannu karIri

Tulu: bAkil deppule

English: Open the door

Kannda: bAgilu tegIri

Tulu: manipande kullule

English: Sit Quietly

Kannada: summane kuLitukoLLi

Tulu: dayadId enan artha maltoNle

English: Please try to understand me

Kannada: dayaviTTu nannannu artha mADikoLLi

Tulu: enna bag’n vantae pattoNle

English: Hold my bag for a moment

Kannada: nanna bag’annu swalpa hiDidukoLLi

Tulu: nUdu varsha kushiT bad’k’le

English: May you live 100 years happily

Kannada: nUru varsha kushiyinda bALi

Imperative forms can be used with different particles depending on the persons you are addressing.

'ya' - balaya / pOya - Come / Go (Kannada: bAra / hOga): Informal or singular – can be used for both male and female friends/younger persons

'mbae or mae' - balambae / pOmbae – Come / Go (Kannada: bAro / hOgo): Informal or singular – can be used for male friends/younger persons – Don’t use this for any one unless your close friend

   

'de' - balade / pOde - Come / Go (Kannada: bAre / hOge): informal or singular – can be used for female friends/younger persons – Don’t use this for any one unless your close friend

  

'ye' - baleye / pOleye – Come / Go (Kannada: banniri / hOgiri): To show respect to a person – can be used for both male and female elders/strangers

To make negative imperative forms for the second persons, add the suffix ‘aDa’ (singular) or ‘aDe’ (plural) to root verbs.

Examples:

Tulu: iDe baraDa

English: Don’t come here

Kannada: illi barabEDa

Tulu: sullu paNaDa

English: Don’t tell a lie

Kannada: suLLu hELbEDa

Tulu: enan tUvaDa

English: Don’t look at me

Kannda: nannannu nODabEDa

Tulu: amasara malpaDe

English: Don’t hurry

Kannada: avasara mADbEDi

Tulu: Ayen leppaDe

English: Don’t call him

Kannda: avanannu karibEDi

Tulu: enan madapaDe

English: Don’t forget me

Kannada: nannannu maribEDi

Also, there is another negative imperative form for the second persons that can be formed by adding the suffix ‘oDchi’ (for both singular and plural) which is derived from modal verb ‘boDchi’ (Don’t want/Don’t need)

Tulu: aDe pOvoDchi

English: Don’t go there

Kannada: alli hOgbEDa

Tulu: enan tUvoDchi

English: Don’t look at me

Kannad: nannannu nODbEDa

Tulu: eNDa pAteroDchi

English: Don’t talk with me

Kannada: nannondige mAtannADabEDa

Tulu: pODyoDchi

English: Don’t be scared

Kannda: hedarbEDa

Third Person Imperative forms:

Third person imperatives are used to suggest or order that third parties be permitted to do something and to express a wish.

To make third person imperative forms (both singular and plural), the suffix ‘aD’ is added to root verbs.

Root verb + aD

bar + aD >>> baraD – Let it/him/her/them come (Kannada: barali)

kENaD – Let it/him/her/them hear/ask (Kannada: kELali)

tiNaD - Let it/him/her/them eat (Kannada: tinnali)

pOvaD - Let it/him/her/them go (Kannada: hOgali)

AvaD - Let it/him/her/them be/become (Kannada: Agali)

uppaD - Let it/him/her/them be (Kannada: irali)

Tulu: anchene AvaD

English: Let it be so

Kannada: hAgE Agali

Tulu: Aye ellae baraD

English: Let him come tomorrow

Kannada: avanu nAle barali

Tulu: Al onas malpaD

English: Let her eat her lunch/dinner

Kannada: avaLu UTa mADali

Tulu: I bAjana dekk’la, Aye kuNTu ardaD

English: You wash the dishes, let him wash the clothes.

Kannada: nInu pAtre toLi, avanu baTTe ogeyali

Tulu: akulu bAlen tUvoNaD

English: Let them take care of the baby

Kannada: avaru maguvannu nODikoLLali

Tulu: Aye pidai kApaD

English: Let him wait outside

Kannada: avanu horage kAyali

Tulu: Aye ittae pOvaDa?

English: Let him go now?

Kannada: avanu Iga hOgala?

Tulu: Ar tIrmAna malpaD

English: Let him/her decide

Kannada: avaru tIrmAna mADali

Tulu: nikk dEver eDDae malpaD

English: May God bless you

Kannada: ninage dEvaru oLLedu mADali

Tulu: mAta janokulu kushiT uppaD

English: May all the people be happy

Kannada: ellA janaru kushiyinda irali

There is no negative imperative form for the third persons in Tulu, but this can be expressed by using the negative Adverbial Participle with imperative forms of the verb ‘uppu’.

Tulu: Aye barandae uppaD

English: Let him not come

Kannada: avanu barade irali

Tulu: akulu manipandae uppaD

English: Let them not speak (be quiet)

Kannada: avaru summane (mAtannADade) irali

Tulu: ancha Avandae uppaD

English: Let it not be so

Kannada: hAge Agadirali

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solmelu!