Tulu Lesson 35: “When” and “While” in Tulu

namaskAra! Welcome back!

As you remember, we have studied past and future continuous/perfect tense for the past couple of weeks. Normally “when” and “while” used with these tenses to express the time at which action takes place.

Today, we are going to learn the following structure:

Examples:

I was eating lunch when he came.

I had seen him when I was in Mangalore

While I was reading, he was watching TV

I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives

I will have learned Tulu when I return Bangalore

As you see in the first example, we have ‘When’ plus two other tenses. We have past continuous tense at one side and simple past tense at the other. But in Tulu we do not need to use two tenses, instead we add a suffix ‘aga’ (derived from the adverb ‘apaga’ which means ‘that time/then’) to the root verb with additional ‘n’ sound in between. This form can be used with any tense.

Example:

malpu (malpuni) = To do/make

malpu + n + aga = malpunaga – When making/doing / While making/doing

tU (tUpini) = To see

tU + n + aga = tUnaga – When/while seeing

bar (barpini) = To come

bar + n + aga = bannaga – When/while coming

leppu (leppuni) = To call

leppu + n + aga = leppunaga – When/while calling

uppu (uppuni) = To be

uppu + n + aga = uppunaga – When/while being

OK, now let us translate above sentences to Tulu.

1) I was eating lunch when he came.

I was eating lunch = yAn uNondittae

He came = Aye batte

when he came = Aye bannaga

Tulu: Aye bannaga yAn uNondittae

English: I was eating lunch when he came

Kannada: avanu baruvAga nAnu UTa mADtA idde

2) I had seen him when I was in Mangalore

I had seen him = yAn Ayen tUdittae

I was in Mangalore = yAn kuDlaD ittae

when I was in Mangalore = yAn kuDlaD uppunaga

Tulu: yAn kuDlaD uppunaga Ayen tUdittae

English: I had seen him when I was in Mangalore

Kannada: nAnu mangaLUralli iruvAga avanannu nODidde

3) While I was reading, he was watching TV

I was reading = yAn Odondittae

While I was reading = yAn Odonduppunaga

he was watching TV = Aye TV tUvonditte

Tulu: yAn Odonduppunaga Aye TV tUvonditte

English: While I was reading, he was watching TV

Kannada: nAnu OdtA iruvAga avanu TV nODtA idda 

4) I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives

I will be waiting for you = yAn nikk kAtonduppuvae

your bus arrives = ninna bus barpuNDu

when your bus arrives = ninna bus bannaga

Tulu: ninna bus bannaga yAn nikk kAtonduppuvae

English: I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives

Kannada: ninna bus baruvAga nAnu ninage kAytA irtEne   

5) I will have learned Tulu when I return Bangalore

I will have learned Tulu = yAn tulu kalt’duppuvae

I return Bangalore = yAn bengalUrg pira pOpae

when I return Bangalore = yAn bengalUrg pira pOnaga

Tulu: yAn bengalUrg pira pOnaga tulu kalt’duppuvae

English: I will have learned Tulu when I return Bangalore

Kannada: nAnu bengaLUrige hintiruguvAga tuLu kalitiruttEne  

More Examples:

Tulu: yAn tUnaga Al pOvondittal

English: She was going when I saw her.

Kannada: nAnu nODuvAga avaLu hOgtA iddaLu

Tulu: enna dOsti bannaga yAn jett’dittae

English: I was sleeping when my friend arrived

Kannada: nanna geLeya baruvAga nAnu malagidde

Tulu: yAn pOnaga akulu Odonditter

English: There were studying when I went 

Kannada: nAnu hOguvAga avaru OdtA iddaru

Tulu: yAn Odonduppunaga current pONDu

English: While I was reading the power went off

Kannada: nAnu OdtA iruvAga current hOytu

Tulu: Aye leppunaga battije

English: He did not come when I called

Kannada: avanu kereyuvAga baralilla

Tulu: yAn illaD uppunaga TV tUvonduppuvae

English:  I will be watching TV when I am home

Kannada: nAnu maneyalliruvAga TV nODtA irtEne

Tulu: yAn Urugu bannaga nikk tikkvae

English: I will meet you when I come to the village/town

Kannada: nAnu Urige baruvAga ninannu bhETi AgtEne

Tulu: yAn paNNaga I kENDija

English: You did not listen when I told you

Kannada: nAnu hELuvAga nInu kELalilla

Tulu: nama ellae tikk’naga pAterga

English: Let us talk when we meet tomorrow

Kannada: nAvu nALe siguvAga mAtADuva

Tulu: yAn leppunaga bala

English: Come when I call

Kannada: nAnu kareyuvAga bA

Tulu: akulu bELae malpunaga pada paNonditter

English: They were singing while working

Kannada: avaru kelasa mADuvAga hADtA iddaru

Tulu: yAn pAternaga manipandae kullu

English: Be quiet while I am speaking

Kannada: nAnu mAtannADuvAga summaniru

Tulu: unnaga pAteroDchi

English: Don’t speak while eating lunch/dinner

Kannada: UTa mADuvAga mAtADabEDa

Tulu: nikk pursottu Anaga phone malpu

English: Call me when you are free

Kannada: ninage pursottu AguvAga phone mADu

As you see in the above examples, the same form (root verb + n + aga) is used in all the tenses (Present, Future and Past). However, when we want to emphasize the past tense, we can use the below structure sometimes.

Adjectival Participle + apaga

Example:

bar (barpini) = To come

battina + apaga = battinapaga – When (someone) came 

tU (tUpini) = To see

tUyina + apaga = tUyinapaga – When (someone) saw 

paN (paNpini) = To say/tell

paNDina + apaga = paNDinapaga – When (someone) said 

Tulu: yAn lettinapaga Aye battije

English: He did not come when I called

Kannada: nAnu karedAga avanu baralilla

Tulu: yAn tUyinapaga aulu Erla ittijer

English: When I saw no one was there

Kannada: nAnu nODidAga yArU iralilla

Tulu: Ar illaDe battinapaga yAn ittijae

English: I was not there when he/she came home

Kannada: avaru manege bandAga nAnu iralilla

This form is also used with negative verbs.

Example:

bar (barpini) = To come

barandina + apaga = barandinapaga – When (someone) did not come / When (someone) does not come 

tU (tUpini) = To see

tUvandina + apaga = tUvandinapaga – When (someone) did not see / When (someone) does not see 

 

paN (paNpini) = To say/tell

paNandina + apaga = paNandinapaga – When (someone) did not say / When (someone) does not say 

malpu (malpuni) = To do/make

malpandina + apaga = malpandinapaga - When (someone) did not do / When (someone) does not do 

uppu (uppuni) – To be

uppandina/ijjandina + apaga = uppandinapaga / ijjandinapaga - When (someone) wasn’t / When (someone) isn’t 

Tulu: yAn ijjandinapaga dAdAND? (dAda + AND)

English: What happened in my absence? (Lit. What happened when I was not there?)

Kannada: nAnu illadAga EnAytu?

Tulu: yAn barandinapaga enna bElae Ir malpule

English: Do my work when I don’t come

Kannada: nAnu baradAga nanna kelasa nIvu mADiri

Tulu: Ar pAterandinapaga yAn pAteruvae

English: I will speak when he/she does not speak

Kannada: avaru mAtannADadAga nAnu mAtannADuttEne

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Tulu Lesson 34: Future Continuous Tense

namaskAra! Welcome back!

Today we are going to learn Future Continuous Tense in Tulu. The Future Continuous Tense used to express a continued or an ongoing action in future. Look at the following sentence:

I will be going

(auxiliary verb ‘will be’ + main verb + ing)

In Tulu, we use the following structure for the Future Continuous Tense:

Present Adverbial Participle + simple future (Simple Present) tense of ‘uppuni/ippuni’

pOvondu + uppuvae = pOvonduppuvae – I will be going (Kannada: nAnu hOgtA irtEne)

yAn pOvonduppuvae – I will be going

I pOvonduppuva – You will be going

Aye/imbe pOvonduppuve – He will be going

Al/mOlu pOvonduppuval – She will be going

au/undu pOvonduppuNDu – It will be going

nama/enkulu pOvonduppuva – We will be going

Ir/nikulu pOvonduppuvar – You will be going

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr pOvonduppuver – They will be going

undekulu/aikulu pOvonduppuva – They will be going

yAn baronduppuvae – I will be coming

I baronduppuva – You will be coming

Aye/imbe baronduppuve – He will be coming

Al/mOlu baronduppuval – She will be coming

au/undu baronduppuNDu – It will be coming

nama/enkulu baronduppuva – We will be coming

Ir/nikulu baronduppuvar – You will be coming

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr baronduppuver – They will be coming

undekulu/aikulu baronduppuva – They will be coming

Examples:

Tulu: yAn nikk kAtonduppuvae

English: I will be waiting for you

Kannada: nAnu ninage kAytA irtEne

Tulu: ellae It portugu yAn parIkshae bareyonduppuvae

English: This time tomorrow I will be writing exam

Kannada: nALe ishTu hottige nAnu parIkshe bareyuttA iretEne

Tulu: mast jana baronduppuvera?

English: Will lots of people be coming?

Kannada: tumbA jana bartA irtAra?

Tulu: akulu bayya El gaNTeg TV tUvonduppuver

English: They will be watching TV at 7 o’clock in the evening

Kannada: avaru sanje ELu gaNTege TV nODuttA irtAre

Tulu: jOkulu bayyag gobbonduppuva

English: Children will be playing in the evening

Kannada: makkaLu sanje ADtA irtAre

Tulu: Aye dAda maltonduppuve?

English: What will he be doing?

Kannada: avanu Enu mADtA irtAne?

Tulu: pakkilu bAnoDu rAvonduppuva

English: Birds will be flying in the sky

Kannada: hakkigaLu AkAshadalli hArtA irtave

Tulu: akulu ain gaNTae muTa Odonduppuver

English: They will be studying until 5 o'clock.

Kannada: avaru aidu gaNTevarege OdtA irtAre

Tulu: yAn teacher bannenge gobbonduppuvae

English: I will be playing until teacher comes.

Kannada: nAnu teacher baruva varege ADtA irtEne

Negative forms:

Negative forms in future continuous tense can be formed by using the negative form of the auxiliary verb ‘uppuni/ippuni’ in simple future tense (simple present)

Present Adverbial Participle + simple future (Simple Present) tense of ‘uppuni/ippuni’

pOvondu + uppujae = pOvonduppujae – I will not be going (Kannada: nAnu hOgtA iralla)

yAn pOvonduppujae – I will not be going

I pOvonduppuja – You will not be going

Aye/imbe pOvonduppuje – He will not be going

Al/mOlu pOvonduppujal – She will not be going

au/undu pOvonduppuji – It will not be going

nama/enkulu pOvonduppuja – We will not be going

Ir/nikulu pOvonduppujar – You will not be going

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr pOvonduppujer – They will not be going

undekulu/aikulu pOvonduppuja – They will not be going

Examples:

Tulu: yAn nikk kAtonduppujae

English: I will not be waiting for you

Kannada: nAnu ninage kAytA iralla

Tulu: ellae It portugu Ir Odonduppujar

English: This time tomorrow you will not be reading  

Kannada: nALe ishTu hottige nIvu OdtA irallla

Tulu: akulu Aji gaNTae muTa kAtonduppujer

English: They will not be waiting until 6 o'clock.

Kannada: avaru Aru gaNTevarege kAytA iralla

Tulu: yAn kuDa kuDa paNonduppujae

English: I will not be saying it again and again

Kannada: nAnu matte matte hELtA iralla

Interrogative forms:

Tulu: I ellae Odunduppuvana?

English: Will you be reading tomorrow?

Kannada: nInu nALe OduttA irtIya?

Tulu: bAlae rAtreD bulitonduppuNDe?

English: Will the baby be crying in the night?

Kannada: nmagu rAtri aLtA iruttadeya?

Tulu: Aye ellae gobbonduppujena?

English: Won't he be playing tomorrow?

Kannada: avanu nALe ATavADuttA irallava?

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Tulu Lesson 33: Future Perfect Tense

namaskAra! Welcome back!

Today we are going to learn one more tense in Tulu, i.e. Future Perfect Tense. The future perfect tense used to express a completed action in the future.

Look at the following sentence:

I will have gone

As you see, this structure is similar to what we have in present perfect tense, but an additional auxiliary verb ‘will’ is added in between.

The simple future of the verb ‘to have’ (will have) + the past participle of the main verb ‘go’ (gone)

In Tulu, we use the following structure for the Future Perfect Tense:

Past Adverbial Participles (Perfect) + simple future (Simple Present) tense of ‘uppuni/ippuni’

As I said earlier, in Tulu, Simple Present Tense also used to talk about actions that will happen certainly in the future.

So let us quickly review the conjugations of the verb ‘uppuni/ippuni’ in simple present/future tense

yAn uppuvae – I am / I will be

I uppuva – You are / You will be

Aye/imbe uppuve – He is / He will be

Al/mOlu  uppuval – She is / She will be

au/undu  uppuNDu – It is / It will be

nama/enkulu  uppuva – We are / We will be

Ir/nikulu  uppuvar – You are / You will be

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr uppuver – They are / They will be

undekulu/aikulu uppuva – They are / They will be

Past Adverbial Participles (Perfect) of the verb ‘pO’ is ‘pOdu’

pOdu + uppuvae = pOduppuvae – I will have gone (Kannada: nAnu hOgirtEne)

yAn pOduppuvae – I will have gone

I pOduppuva – You will have gone

Aye/imbe pOduppuve – He will have gone

Al/mOlu pOduppuval – She will have gone

au/undu pOduppuNDu – It will have gone

nama/enkulu pOduppuva – We will have gone

Ir/nikulu pOduppuvar – You will have gone

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr pOduppuver – They will have gone

undekulu/aikulu pOduppuva – They will have gone

yAn batt'duppuvae – I will have come

I batt'duppuva – You will have come

Aye/imbe batt'duppuve – He will have come

Al/mOlu batt'duppuval – She will have come

au/undu batt'duppuNDu – It will have come

nama/enkulu batt'duppuva – We will have come

Ir/nikulu batt'duppuvar – You will have come

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr batt'duppuver – They will have come

undekulu/aikulu batt'duppuva – They will have come

Examples:

Tulu: barpina varsadulai nikulu tulu kalt’duppuvar

English: You will have learned Tulu by next year

Kannada: baruva varshadoLage nIvu tuLu kalitiruttIri

Tulu: Aye ini bayyadulai ett’duppuve

English: He will have reached by the evening

Kannada: avanu ivattu sanjeyoLage talapiruttAne

Tulu: ellae It portugu parIkshae mugiduppuNDu

English: Exams will have finished by this time tomorrow

Kannada: nALe ishTu hottige parIkshe mugidiruttade

Tulu: akulu rAtrae patt gaNTedulai jett’duppuver

English: They will have slept by 10pm.

Kannada: avaru rAtri hattu gaNTeyoLage malagiruttAre

Tulu: I enan madat’duppuva

English: You will have forgotten me
Kannada: nInu nannannu maretirtIya

 Negative forms:

Negative forms in future perfect tense can be formed by using the negative form of the auxiliary verb ‘uppuni/ippuni’ in simple future tense (simple present)

yAn uppujae –I will not be

I uppuja –You will not be

Aye/imbe uppuje – He will not be

Al/mOlu uppujal – She will not be

au/undu uppuji – It will not be

nama/enkulu uppuja – We will not be

Ir/nikulu uppujar – You will not be

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr uppujer – They will not be

undekulu/aikulu uppuja – They will not be

Past Adverbial Participles (Perfect) + simple future (Simple Present) tense of ‘uppuni/ippuni’

pOdu + uppujae = pOduppujae – I will not have gone (Kannada: nAnu hOgiruvudilla)

yAn pOduppujae – I will not have gone

I pOduppuja – You will not have gone

Aye/imbe pOduppuje – He will not have gone

Al/mOlu pOduppujal – She will not have gone

au/undu pOduppuji – It will not have gone

nama/enkulu pOduppuja – We will not have gone

Ir/nikulu pOduppujar – You will not have gone

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr pOduppujer – They will not have gone

undekulu/aikulu pOduppuja – They will not have gone

Examples:

Tulu: Aye ini bayyadulai ett’duppuje

English: He will not have reached by the evening

Kannada: avanu ivattu sanjeyoLage talapiruvudilla

Tulu: Ar ODela pOduppujer

English: He/She will not have gone anywhere

Kannada: avaru elligU hOgiruvudilla

Tulu: I barpineTa yAn I bElen mugit'duppujae

English: I will not have finished this work until you come

Kannada: nInu baruva varege nAnu I kelasavannu mugisiruvudilla

Tulu: akleg dAla Aduppuji

English: Nothing will have happened to them

Kannada: avarige EnU Agiruvudilla

Interrogative forms:

Tulu: jOkulu sAleg pOduppujana?

English: Will the children not have gone to school?

Kannada: makkaLu shAlege hOgiruvudillava?

Tulu: ellae kANDae Aji gaNTeg ett'duppuvana?

English: Will you have reached at 6 O'clock in the morning tomorrow 

Kannada: nALe beLigge Aru gaNTege talupiruttIya?

Tulu: ini bayyag akulu pidaD'duppuvera?

English: Will they have departed in the evening today?

Kannada: ivattu sanje avaru horaDiruttAra?

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solmelu!

Tulu Lesson 32: Conjunctions

namaskAra! Welcome back!

I hope you enjoyed the previous lesson. Today, we are going to learn conjunctions in Tulu. Conjunctions are words that link two parts of a sentence.

Here are the some of the conjunctions used in Tulu:

boka / bokka – and

la – and / also / even

ANDa - But

ANDala – but even so / But still / though /

att’Da / attANDa – or, if not so

ijjiDa / ijjANDa – or, if not so

dAyae paNDa – Because

aik / aikAd / aikAtra – Therefore / for that reason

aiDdAtra / aiDdAvara - Therefore / Because of that

anchAd - Therefore

ancha / incha – Thus / so

apaNDa – In that case / If it is so

onjE…ijjiDa - either..or

onjE…att’Da - either…or

la…la irverla/raDDla – both…and

la att..la att - neither…nor

la ijji…la ijji – neither…nor

mAtra att…la – not only but also

attandae…la - not only but also

Example Sentences:

Tulu: I bokka yAn

English: You and I

Kannada: nInu mattu nAnu

Tulu: pENTeg pOdu, ari bokka sakkarae kanala

English: Go to the bazaar and bring some rice and sugar

Kannada: pETege hOgi, akki mattu sakkare koNDu bA

Tulu: Ila yAnla

English: You and I

Kannada: nAnU nInU

Tulu: appae la magal la batter

English: Mother and daughter came

Kannada: tAyi mattu magaLu bandaru

Tulu: Ayela batte

English: He also came.

Kannada: avanU kUDa banda

Tulu: yAn kuDlag pOvondulle, Ila barpana?

English: I am going to Mangalore, will you come too?

Kannada: nAnu mangalUrige hOgtA iddEne, nInU bartIya?

Tulu: Arla enan lettijer

English: Even he/she didn’t call me

Kannada: avarU saha nannannu karIlilla

Tulu: yAn chA parpae, ANDa kAphi enk isTa ijji

English: I drink tea, but I don’t like coffee.  

Kannada: nAnu chaha kuDItEne, Adare kAphi nanage isTa illa

Tulu: akulu eDDae gobbiyer, ANDala genderae Ayiji

English: Though they played well, they couldn’t win

Kannada: avaru chennAgi ADidaru, AdarU gellOkke Agalilla

Tulu:   chA att’Da kAphi

English: Tea or coffee

Kannada: chaha athavA kAphi

Tulu: pEr ijjANDa nIr

English: Milk or water

Kannada: hAlu athavA nIru

Tulu: ellae attANDa ellanji barpae

English: I will come tomorrow or day after tomorrow.

Kannada: nALe athavA nADiddu bartEne

Tulu: Aye ini sAleg pOtije, dAyae paNDa ayeg ushAr ijji

English: He has not gone to school today, because he is not feeling well

Kannada: avanu ivattu shAlege hOgilla, Ekendare avanige hushAr illa

Tulu: enk bachch’ditt’ND, aik yAn illaDe pOyae

English: I was tired, therefore, I went home

Kannada: nanage sustAgittu, adakke nAnu manege hOde

Tulu: yAn genduvae, anchAd I sOpuva

English: I win, therefore you lose

Kannada: nAnu geltEne, hAgAgi nInu sOltIya

Tulu: enk ushAr ittiji, aiDdAtra barrae Ayiji

English: I was not feeling well; therefore, I could not come

Kannada: nanage hushAr iralilla, Addarinda, barOke Agalilla

Tulu: Aye parIksheg Odudittije, ancha fail Aye

English: He had not studied for the exam, thus he failed.

Kannada: avanu parIkshege Odiralilla, hAge fail Ada

Tulu: I barondijjana? apaNDa, yAnla pOpujae.

English: Aren’t you coming? If so, I will not go too

Kannada: nInu bartA ilva? hAgAdare, nAnU hOgalla

Tulu: kAphi ijja? apaNDa, chA Avu

English: There's no coffee? In that case I'll have tea.

Kannada: kAphi ilva? hAgAdare, chA AdItu

Tulu: onjE yAn barpae ijjANDa meggyen kaDapuDuvae

English: Either I will come or I will send my younger brother

Kannada: ondE nAnu bartEne athavA tammanannu kaLuhisuttEne

Tulu: onjE mUlu kullu att’Da ennoTTugu bala

English: Either stay here or come with me

Kannada: ondE illi kUtkO athavA nannaoTTige bA

Tulu: appae la magal la irverla batter

English: Both mother and daughter came

Kannada: tAyi mattu magaLu ibbarU bandaru

Tulu: nAyi la puchchae la raDDla balta

English: Both dog and cat ran away

Kannada: nAyi mattu bekku eraDU ODidavu

Tulu: I la paNDija, ninna dOsti la paNDije

English: Neither you nor your friend told me

Kannada: nInU hELalilla, ninna geLeyanU hELalilla

Tulu: au mUlla (mUlu + la) ijji, aulla (aulu + la) ijji

English: It's neither here nor there

Kannada: adu illU illa, allU illa

Tulu: au nAyi la att, kuduke la att

English: It’s neither dog nor fox

Kannada: adu nAyiyU alla, nariyU alla

Tulu: Peter mAtra att, John la baide

English: Not only Peter but also John has come

Kannada: Peter mAtra alla, John kUDa bandiddAne

Tulu: I Uru nirmala attandae, shOkula uNDu

English: This village is not only clean but also beautiful.

Kannada: I Uru swachcha allade, sundaravU Agide

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If you need more sentences translated in Tulu, please leave a comment. If you find this lesson helpful, please share it with your friends who wish to learn Tulu J

See you next week!

solmelu!