Tulu Lesson 37: Past Subjunctive Mood – “would/would have”

namaskAra! Welcome back!

Today we are going to learn past subjunctive mood in Tulu. The past subjunctive mood in Tulu used to express unreal past conditions and its probable past or present result. Before we proceed, I recommend you to review Tulu Lesson 14: PresentPerfect Tense and Uses of Adverbial Participles (Verbal Adverbs)

Look at the following sentences:

1. If you called me I would come

2. If you had called me I would have come

3. If I were a bird, I’d fly away.

As you see, we have ‘If’ clause at one side and subjunctive clause at the other.  We have already learned the “If” clause in the previous lesson.

If you called me = I enan lettaDa / I enan lett’NDa

If you had called me = I enan leidaDa / I enan leid’NDa

If I were a bird = yAn pakki At'NDa

No problem with that! Now let us translate “I would come” and "I would fly" to Tulu.

In Tulu, we use the following structure for the past subjunctive mood:

Past Adverbial Participle (Perfect) + uv + personal endings in (Uncertain) Future Tense

bar (barpini) = To come

batt’d + uv + ae = batt’duvae / baiduve – I would come or I would have come

rA (rApini) = To fly

rAd + uv + ae = rAtuvae - I would fly or I would have flown

So we are actually conjugating the past adverbial participle instead of root verb in uncertain future tense. 

Personal endings in (Uncertain) Future Tense:

		Singular		Plural
		Pronoun	Ending	Pronoun	Ending
First Person		yAn	ae	nama/enkulu	a
Second Person		I	a	nikulu/Ir	ar
Third Person	Masc.	Aye/imbe	e	akulu/Ar/mokulu/mEr	er
	Fem.	Al/mOlu	al
	Neut.	au/undu	u	aikulu/undekulu	a

yAn baiduvae – I would come / I would have come

I baiduva – You would come / You would have come

Aye/imbe baiduve – He would come / He would have come

Al/mOlu baiduval– She would come / She would have come

au/undu baidu – It would come / It would have come  (We don’t have to add ‘uv’ sound since personal ending starts from ‘u’ sound)

nama/enkulu baiduva– We would come / We would have come

Ir/nikulu baiduvar– You would come / You would have come

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr baiduver – They would come / They would have come

undekulu/aikulu baiduva– They would come / They would have come

yAn rAtuvae – I would fly/ I would have flown

I rAtuva – You would fly/ You would have flown

Aye/imbe rAtuve – He would fly/ He would have flown

Al/mOlu rAtuval– She would fly/ She would have flown

au/undu rAtu – It would fly/ It would have flown (We don’t have to add ‘uv’ sound since personal ending itself starts from ‘u’ sound)

nama/enkulu rAtuva– We would fly/ We would have flown

Ir/nikulu rAtuvar– You would fly/ You would have flown

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr rAtuver – They would fly/ They would have flown

undekulu/aikulu rAtuva– They would fly/ They would have flown

Tulu: I enan lett’NDa yAn baiduvae

English: If you called me I would come

Kannada: nInu nannannu karedare nAnu bartidde

Tulu: I enan leid’NDa yAn baiduvae

English: If you had called me I would have come

Kannada: nInu nannannu karediddre nAnu bartidde

Tulu: yAn pakki At'NDa, rAtuvae 

English: If I were a bird, I’d fly away

Kannada: nAnu pakSiyAgiddare, hArADuttidde

More examples:

pO (pOpini) – To go

pOd + uv + ae = pOtuvae (d’ is pronounced as ‘t’, if it is a Class A verb) – I would go / I would have gone

yAn pOtuvae – I would go/ I would have gone

I pOtuva – You would go / You would have gone

Aye/imbe pOtuve – He would go / He would have gone

Al/mOlu pOtuval– She would go / She would have gone

au/undu pOtu – It would go / It would have gone  (We don’t have to add ‘uv’ sound since personal ending starts from ‘u’ sound)

nama/enkulu pOtuva– We would go / We would have gone

Ir/nikulu pOtuvar– You would go / You would have gone

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr pOtuver – They would go / They would have gone

undekulu/aikulu pOtuva– They would go / They would have gone

paN (pAnpini) – To tell/say

pand + uv + ae = pantuvae – I would say / I would have said

yAn pantuvae – I would say/ I would have said

I pantuva – You would say / You would have said

Aye/imbe pantuve – He would say / He would have said

Al/mOlu pantuval– She would say / She would have said

au/undu pantu – It would say / It would have said  (We don’t have to add ‘uv’ sound since personal ending starts from ‘u’ sound)

nama/enkulu pantuva– We would say / We would have said

Ir/nikulu pantuvar– You would say / You would have said

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr pantuver – They would say / They would have said

undekulu/aikulu pantuva– They would say / They would have said

kEN (kENuni) – To ask/hear/listen

kEnd + uv + ae = kEnduvae – I would ask / I would have asked

yAn kEnduvae – I would ask/ I would have asked

I kEnduva – You would ask / You would have asked

Aye/imbe kEnduve – He would ask / He would have asked

Al/mOlu kEnduval– She would ask / She would have asked

au/undu kEndu – It would ask / It would have asked  (We don’t have to add ‘uv’ sound since personal ending starts from ‘u’ sound)

nama/enkulu kEnduva– We would ask / We would have asked

Ir/nikulu kEnduvar– You would ask / You would have asked

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr kEnduver – They would ask / They would have asked

undekulu/aikulu kEnduva– They would ask / They would have asked

A (Apini) – To become

Ad + uv + ae = Atuvae – I would become / I would have become

yAn Atuvae – I would become/ I would have become

I Atuva – You would become / You would have become

Aye/imbe Atuve – He would become / He would have become

Al/mOlu Atuval– She would become / She would have become

au/undu Atu – It would become / It would have become  (We don’t have to add ‘uv’ sound since personal ending starts from ‘u’ sound)

nama/enkulu Atuva– We would become / We would have become

Ir/nikulu Atuvar– You would become / You would have become

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr Atuver – They would become / They would have become

undekulu/aikulu Atuva– They would become / They would have become

uppu/ippu (uppuni/ippuni) – To be

itt'd + uv + ae = itt'duvae – I would be / I would have been

yAn itt'duvae – I would be/ I would have been

I itt'duva – You would be / You would have been

Aye/imbe itt'duve – He would be / He would have been

Al/mOlu itt'duval– She would be / She would have been

au/undu itt'du – It would be / It would have been  (We don’t have to add ‘uv’ sound since personal ending starts from ‘u’ sound)

nama/enkulu itt'duva– We would be / We would have been

Ir/nikulu itt'duvar– You would be / You would have been

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr itt'duver – They would be / They would have been

undekulu/aikulu itt'duva– They would be / They would have been

Negative forms:

Negative forms in past subjunctive mood have following structure:

Past Adverbial Participle (Perfect) + Negative personal endings in (Uncertain) Future Tense

bar (barpini) – To come

batt’d + ayae = batt’dayae / baidayae – I would not come / I would not have come

Negative personal endings in (Uncertain) Future Tense:

		Singular		Plural
		Pronoun	Ending	Pronoun	Ending
First Person		yAn	ayae	nama/enkulu	aya
Second Person		I	aya	nikulu/Ir	ayar
Third Person	Masc.	Aye/imbe	aye	akulu/Ar/mokulu/mEr	ayer
	Fem.	Al/mOlu	ayal
	Neut.	au/undu	and	aikulu/undekulu	aya

yAn baidayae – I would not come / I would not have come

I baidaya – You would not come / You would not have come

Aye/imbe baidaye – He would not come / He would not have come

Al/mOlu baidayal– She would not come / She would not have come

au/undu baidand – It would not come / It would not have come 

nama/enkulu baidaya– We would not come / We would not have come

Ir/nikulu baidayar– You would not come / You would not have come

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr baidayer – They would not come / They would not have come

undekulu/aikulu baidaya– They would not come / They would not have come

More examples:

tU (tUpini) – To see

tUd + ayae = tUtayae (d’ is pronounced as ‘t’, if it is a Class A verb) – I would not see / I would not have seen

yAn tUtayae – I would not see / I would not have seen

I tUtaya – You would not see / You would not have seen

Aye/imbe tUtaye – He would not see / He would not have seen

Al/mOlu tUtayal– She would not see / She would not have seen

au/undu tUtand – It would not see / It would not have seen 

nama/enkulu tUtaya– We would not see / We would not have seen

Ir/nikulu tUtayar– You would not see / You would not have seen

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr tUtayer – They would not see / They would not have seen

undekulu/aikulu tUtaya– They would not see / They would not have seen

tiN (tiNpini) – To eat

tind + ayae = tintayae – I would not eat / I would not have eaten

yAn tintayae – I would not eat / I would not have eaten

I tintaya – You would not eat / You would not have eaten

Aye/imbe tintaye – He would not eat / He would not have eaten

Al/mOlu tintayal– She would not eat / She would not have eaten

au/undu tintand – It would not eat / It would not have eaten 

nama/enkulu tintaya– We would not eat / We would not have eaten

Ir/nikulu tintayar– You would not eat / You would not have eaten

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr tintayer – They would not eat / They would not have eaten

undekulu/aikulu tintaya– They would not eat / They would not have eaten

A (Apini) – To become

Ad + ayae = Atayae – I would not become / I would not have become

yAn Atayae – I would not become / I would not have become

I Ataya – You would not become / You would not have become

Aye/imbe Ataye – He would not become / He would not have become

Al/mOlu Atayal– She would not become / She would not have become

au/undu Atand – It would not become / It would not have become 

nama/enkulu Ataya– We would not become / We would not have become

Ir/nikulu Atayar– You would not become / You would not have become

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr Atayer – They would not become / They would not have become

undekulu/aikulu Ataya– They would not become / They would not have become

uppu/ippu (uppuni/ippuni) – To be

itt'd + ayae = itt'dayae – I would not be / I would not have been

yAn itt'dayae – I would not be / I would not have been

I itt'daya – You would not be / You would not have been

Aye/imbe itt'daye – He would not be / He would not have been

Al/mOlu itt'dayal– She would not be / She would not have been

au/undu itt'dand – It would not be / It would not have been 

nama/enkulu itt'daya– We would not be / We would not have been

Ir/nikulu itt'dayar– You would not be / You would not have been

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr itt'dayer – They would not be / They would not have been

undekulu/aikulu itt'daya– They would not be / They would not have been

Example Sentences:

Tulu: Ir paNDa yAn pOtuvae

English: If you told me, I would go

Kannada: nIvu hELidare nAnu hOgtidde

Tulu: Ir paNDijiDa yAn pOtayae

English: If you didn’t tell me, I wouldn’t go

Kannada: nIvu hELillAdre nAnu hOgtiralilla

Tulu: Ir pant’NDa yAn pOtuvae

English: If you had told me, I would have gone

Kannada: nIvu hELiddare nAnu hOgtidde

Tulu: Ir pantijiDa yAn pOtayae

English: If you hadn’t told me, I wouldn’t have gone

Kannada: nIvu hELadiddre nAnu hOgtiralilla

Tulu: yAn lett’NDa I baiduvana?

English: Would you come if I called you?

Kannada: nAnu karedre, nInu bartiddeya?

Tulu: yAn leid’NDa I baiduvana?

English: Would you have come if I had called you?

Kannada: nAnu karedidre nInu bartiddeya?

Tulu: yAn lett’NDa I baidayana?

English: Wouldn’t you come if I called you?

Kannada: nAnu karedre, nInu bartiralilva?

Tulu: yAn leid’NDa I baidayana?

English: Wouldn’t you have come if I had called you?

Kannada: nAnu karedidre nInu bartiralilva?

Tulu: Ir mUlu itt’NDa eDDe itt’du

English: If you were here, it would be nice

Kannada: nIvu illi iddre chennAgirtittu

Tulu: Ir mUlu itt’d’NDa eDDe itt’du

English: If you had been here, it would have been nice

Kannada: nIvu illi irtiddre chennAgirtittu

Tulu: Ir itt’d’NDa It banga Atand

English: If you had been here, it wouldn’t have been so hard 

Kannada: nIvu illi irtiddre ishTu kashTa Agtiralilla

Tulu: eNDa kAs itt’d’NDa nikk kortuvae

English: If I had had money I would have given it to you

Kannada: nannalli duDDu irtiddre ninage koDtidde

Tulu: aleg gottitt’d’NDa enk pantuval

English: She would have told me if she had known

Kannada: avaLige gottirtiddre nanage hELtidLu

Tulu: Aye barpinau gottitt’NDa (gottu + itt’NDa) yAn baidayae

English: If I knew he was coming I wouldn’t come

Kannada: avanu barOdu gottiddre nAnu bartiralilla

Tulu: I Odud’NDa parIksheD pAs Atuva

English: If you had studied you would have passed the exam

Kannada: nInu Odirtiddre parIksheyalli pAs Agtidde

The subjunctive mood in Tulu can also be used to talk about something you wanted to do but didn't, or regretting what you did or didn't do.

Examples:

Tulu: yAn ninan leiduvae, ANDa ninna phone number enk gottittiji

English: I would have called you, but I didn't know your phone number

Kannada: nAnu ninnannu karItidde, Adre ninna phone number nanage gottiralilla

Tulu: yAn ninan tUyere baiduvae! nikk hushAr ijjandinau enk gottittiji.

English:  I would have come to see you! I didn’t know you were ill.

Kannada: nAnu ninnannu nODOke bartidde! ninage hushAr illaddu nange gottiralilla.

Tulu: yAn nikk sAla kortuvae, ANDa eNDa dAla kAs ittiji

English: I would have loaned you the money, but I didn’t have any.

Kannada: nAnu ninage sAla koDtidde, Adare nannllii EnU duDDu iralilla

Tulu: Chae! yAn ontae bEga baiduvae!

English: I wish I had come little earlier!

Kannada: Che! nAnu svalpa bEga bartidde!

Tulu: Chae! I enaDa pantuva!

English: I wish you had told me!

Kannada: Che! nInu nannalli hELtidde!

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solmelu!