Tulu Lesson 38: should/must + have + Past Participle

namaskAra! Welcome back!

Today we are going to learn how to translate “should/must + have + Past Participle” in Tulu. This form is used to express something that should have been done, but that we didn't do it, or advice about the past, or regretting what we did or didn't do. Please review the previous lesson Past Subjunctive Mood – “would/wouldhave” and Potential mood (must, should, need, can, may) before we proceed.

Look at the following examples:

You should have gone

He should have told me

She should have asked me

So you know how to translate ‘should’ or ‘must’ in Tulu. We have to add the suffix ‘oDu’ to the root verb.

Example:

pO (pOpini) – To go

pO + oDu = pOvoDu – should go

  

In Tulu, we have the following structure for “should/must + have + Past Participle”

Past Adverbial Participle (Perfect) + oDu

pOd + oDu = pOtoDu (d’ is pronounced as ‘t’, if it is a Class A verb) – should/must have gone

Tulu: I pOtoDu

English: You should have gone

Kannada: nInu hOgbEkittu

paN (paNpini) – To tell/say

pand + oDu = pantoDu (Class A verb) – should/must have told

Tulu: Aye eNDa pantoDu

English: He should have told me

Kannada: avanu nannalli hELbEkittu

kEN (kENuni) – To ask/hear/listen

kEnd + oDu = kEndoDu – should/must have asked

Tulu: Al eNDa kEndoDu

English: She should have asked me

Kannada: avaLu nannalli kELbEkittu

More examples:

malpu (malpuni) – To do/make

malt’d + oDu = malt’doDu – should/must have done

bar (barpini) – To come

batt’d + oDu = batt’doDu or baidoDu – should/must have come

leppu (leppuni) – To call

lett’d + oDu = lett’doDu or leidoDu – should/must have called

uN (uNpini) – To eat/have lunch or dinner

und + oDu = untoDu (Class A verb) – should/must have eaten lunch/dinner

telipu (telipuni) – To smile/laugh

telit’d + oDu = telit’doDu – should/must have smiled

uppu/ippu (uppuni/ippuni) – To be

itt’d + oDu = itt’doDu – should/must have been

A (Apini) – To become

Ad + oDu = AtoDu – should/must have become

Negative forms:

In Tulu we do not have negative forms for “should/must + have + Past Participle”, instead we use negative potential mood (should not/must not) and add third person neuter simple past tense of the auxiliary verb ‘uppuni’ (To be) at the end:

Negative potential mood + itt’ND

Example:

He should not have gone

Let’s translate “He should not go” to Tulu first.

Aye pOyeraeballi - He should not go (necessity or permission)

                       

                                OR

Aye pOpinaboDchi – He should not go (suggestion)

Now add “itt’ND” (Third person neuter simple past tense of the auxiliary verb ‘uppuni’) at the end.

Aye pOyeraeballi + itt’ND = Aye pOyeraeballitt’ND - He should not have gone (regretting)

Aye pOpinaboDchi + itt’ND = Aye pOpinaboDchitt’ND - He should not have gone (advice)

One more example:

You should not have eaten

I tiNyeraeballi – You should not eat (necessity)

I tiNpinaboDchi – You should not eat (suggestion)

I tiNyeraeballitt’ND - You should not have eaten (regretting)

I tiNpinaboDchitt’ND - You should not have eaten (advice)

Example Sentences:

Tulu: I enan leidoDu

English: You should have called me

Kannada: nInu nannannu karIbEkittu

Tulu: Ir ennoTTu baidoDu

English: You should have come with me

Kannada: nIvu nannoTTige barbEkittu

Tulu: Ir ennoTTu barraeballitt’ND

English: You should not have come with me

Kannada: nIvu nannoTTige barabAradittu

Tulu: yAn kANDae bEga lakk’doDu

English: I should have got up early in the morning.

Kannada: nAnu beLagge bEga eddELbEkittu

Tulu: Aye eNDa pantoDu

English: He should have told me

Kannada: avanu nanalli hELbEkittu

Tulu: nikulu kANDae muTa kAt’doDu

English: You should have waited until morning

Kannada: nIvu beLaggina varegU kAyabEkittu

Tulu: yAn AyeDa ancha pAteryeraeballitt’ND

English: I shouldn't have spoken to him like that.

Kannada: nAnu avanige hAge mAtADabAradittu

Tulu: yAn tulu kalt’doDu

English: I should have learned Tulu

Kannada: nAnu tuLu kalibEkittu

Tulu: Ir mUlu itt’doDu

English: You should have been here

Kannada: nIvu illi irabEkittu

Tulu: I eNDa sullu paNDraeballitt’ND

English: You shouldn’t have lied to me.

Kannada: nInu nannalli suLLu hELabAradittu

Tulu: Ar Doctor AtoDu

English: He should have become a Doctor

Kannada: avaru Doctor AgabEkittu

Tulu: Ir vantae bEga baidoDu

English: You should have come little earlier

Kannada: nIvu svalpa bEga barbEkittu

In English, we can also use ‘should have + Past Participle’ to guess about events that may have happened.

Example: He should have reached Bangalore by now. (We are not certain whether he reached Bangalore or not)

In Tulu we have slightly different form to guess about events that may have happened. The auxiliary verb ‘uppu’ (uppuni – To be) is used with potential mood suffix ‘oDu’.

Past Adverbial Participle (Perfect) + uppu + oDu

pO (pOpini) – To go

pOd + uppu + oDu = pOduppoDu – should have gone  (guessing)

bar (barpini) – To come

batt’d + upp + oDu = batt’duppoDu - should have come (guessing)

   

Examples:

Tulu: Aye ittae benglUr ett’duppoDu

English: He should have reached Bangalore by now.

Kannada: avanu Iga bengLuru talapirabEku

Tulu: akulu ini kANDae pOduppoDu

English: They should have gone this morning.

Kannada: avaru indu belagge hOgirabEku

Tulu: Ar It portugu jett’duppoDu

English: He/She must have slept by now.

Kannada: avaru ishTu hottige malagirabEku

Tulu: I bElen Iye malt'duppoDu, bEtae Erla att.

English: You only must have done this work, no one else.

Kannada: I kelasavannu nIne mADirabEku, bEre yArU alla. 

Click here to go to Vocabulary page.

Click here for Video lessons

If you need more sentences translated in Tulu, please leave a comment. If you find this lesson helpful, please share it with your friends who wish to learn Tulu J

See you next week!

solmelu!