Tulu Lesson 40: may/might + have + Past Participle

namaskAra! Welcome back!

So far we have learned how to translate ‘would have’, ‘should have’ and ‘could have’ in Tulu. Today we are going to learn one more similar structure, i.e. ‘may/might + have + Past Participle’. This form is used to talk about the possibility that something happened in the past and also used to refer to the present or future.

 

Examples:

• He may have seen you

• They might have gone home

• I might have finished this work by tomorrow.

First let us see how to translate the word ‘may’ into Tulu. In Tulu there is no separate word for 'may'. Instead we use the Uncertain Future Tense to express probability or uncertainty. We have already learned this in the Lesson 7 Uncertain Future Tense

E.g. 

yAn ellae pOvae – I may go tomorrow (I will probably go tomorrow)

ini barsa baru – It may rain today (It will probably rain today)

To form “may/might + have + Past Participle” structure, we have to add uncertain future tense verb form of the auxiliary verb ‘uppuni’ (To be) to the past adverbial participle of the main verb.

Past Adverbial Participle (Perfect) + Uncertain future tense of the auxiliary verb ‘uppuni’

bar (barpini) – To come

batt’d + uppae = batt’duppae – I may/might have come

yAn batt'duppae – I may/might have come

I batt'duppa – You may/might have come

Aye/imbe batt'duppe – He may/might have come

Al/mOlu batt'duppal– She may/might have come

au/undu batt'dupu – It may/might have come 

nama/enkulu batt'duppa– We may/might have come

Ir/nikulu batt'duppar– You may/might have come

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr batt'dupper – They may/might have come

undekulu/aikulu batt'duppa– They may/might have come

tU (tUpini) – To see

tUd + uppae = tUduppae – I may/might have seen

yAn tUduppae – I may/might have seen

I tUduppa – You may/might have seen

Aye/imbe tUduppe – He may/might have seen

Al/mOlu tUduppal– She may/might have seen

au/undu tUduppu – It may/might have seen 

nama/enkulu tUduppa– We may/might have seen

Ir/nikulu tUduppar– You may/might have seen

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr tUdupper – They may/might have seen

undekulu/aikulu tUduppa– They may/might have seen

pO (pOpini) – To go

pOd + uppae = pOduppae - I may/might have gone

yAn pOduppae – I may/might have gone

I pOduppa – You may/might have gone

Aye/imbe pOduppe – He may/might have gone

Al/mOlu pOduppal– She may/might have gone

au/undu pOduppu – It may/might have gone 

nama/enkulu pOduppa– We may/might have gone

Ir/nikulu pOduppar– You may/might have gone

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr pOdupper – They may/might have gone

undekulu/aikulu pOduppa– They may/might have gone

mugipu (mugipuni) – To finish

 mugit’d + uppae = mugit’duppae - I may/might have finished

yAn mugit'duppae – I may/might have finished

I mugit'duppa – You may/might have finished

Aye/imbe mugit'duppe – He may/might have finished

Al/mOlu mugit'duppal– She may/might have finished

au/undu mugit'duppu – It may/might have finished 

nama/enkulu mugit'duppa– We may/might have finished

Ir/nikulu mugit'duppar– You may/might have finished

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr mugit'dupper – They may/might have finished

undekulu/aikulu mugit'duppa– They may/might have finished

Tulu: Aye ninan tUduppe

English: He may have seen you

Kannada: avanu ninnannu nODirabahudu

Tulu: akulu illaDe pOdupper

English: They might have gone home

Kannada: avaru manege hOgirabahudu

Tulu: yAn elledulai I bElen mugit’duppae

English: I may have finished this work by tomorrow.

Kannada: nAnu nALeyoLage I kelasavannu mugisirabahudu

More Examples:

par (parpini) – To drink

pard + uppae = parduppae - I may/might have drunk

yAn parduppae – I may/might have drunk

I parduppa – You may/might have drunk

Aye/imbe parduppe – He may/might have drunk

Al/mOlu parduppal– She may/might have drunk

au/undu parduppu – It may/might have drunk 

nama/enkulu parduppa– We may/might have drunk

Ir/nikulu parduppar– You may/might have drunk

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr pardupper – They may/might have drunk

undekulu/aikulu parduppa– They may/might have drunk

A (Apini) – To become

Ad + uppae = Aduppae - I may/might have become

yAn Aduppae – I may/might have been

I Aduppa – You may/might have been

Aye/imbe Aduppe – He may/might have been

Al/mOlu Aduppal– She may/might have been

au/undu Aduppu – It may/might have been / It may be so

nama/enkulu Aduppa– We may/might have been

Ir/nikulu Aduppar– You may/might have been

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr Adupper – They may/might have been

undekulu/aikulu Aduppa– They may/might have been

kalpu (kalpuni) – To learn

kalt’d + uppae = kalt’duppae – I may/might have learned

yAn kalt'duppae – I may/might have learned

I kalt'duppa – You may/might have learned

Aye/imbe kalt'duppe – He may/might have learned

Al/mOlu kalt'duppal– She may/might have learned

au/undu kalt'duppu – It may/might have learned

nama/enkulu kalt'duppa– We may/might have learned

Ir/nikulu kalt'duppar– You may/might have learned

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr kalt'dupper – They may/might have learned

undekulu/aikulu kalt'duppa– They may/might have learned

Negative forms:

We have the following structure for “may/might not + have + Past Participle”

Past Adverbial Participle (Perfect) + Negative forms of the auxiliary verb ‘uppuni’ in Uncertain future tense

bar (barpini) – To come

batt’d + uppayae = batt’duppayae – I may/might not have come

yAn batt'duppayae – I may/might not have come

I batt'duppaya – You may/might not have come

Aye/imbe batt'duppaye – He may/might not have come

Al/mOlu batt'duppayal– She may/might not have come

au/undu batt'duppand – It may/might not have come 

nama/enkulu batt'duppaya– We may/might not have come

Ir/nikulu batt'duppayar– You may/might not have come

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr batt'duppayer – They may/might not have come

undekulu/aikulu batt'duppaya– They may/might not have come

tU (tUpini) – To see

tUd + uppayae = tUduppayae – I may/might not have seen

yAn tUduppayae – I may/might not have seen

I tUduppaya – You may/might not have seen

Aye/imbe tUduppaye – He may/might not have seen

Al/mOlu tUduppayal– She may/might not have seen

au/undu tUduppand – It may/might not have seen 

nama/enkulu tUduppaya– We may/might not have seen

Ir/nikulu tUduppayar– You may/might not have seen

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr tUduppayer – They may/might not have seen

undekulu/aikulu tUduppaya– They may/might not have seen

Tulu: Aye ninan tUduppaye

English: He may not have seen you

Kannada: avanu ninnannu nODirlikkilla

Tulu: akulu illaDe pOduppayer

English: They might not have gone home

Kannada: avaru manege hOgirlikkilla

Tulu: yAn elledulai I bElen mugit’duppayae

English: I might not have finished this work by tomorrow.

Kannada: nAnu nALeyoLage I kelasavannu mugisirlikkilla

More Example Sentences:

Tulu: Ayeg bus tatt’duppu

English: He may have missed the bus.

Kannada: avanige bus tappirabahudu

Tulu: pEr’n puchchae parduppu

English: The cat might have drunk the milk

Kannada: bekku hAlannu kuDidirabahudu

Tulu: enna kAr’n Er kaND’dupper?

English: Who might have stolen my car?

Kannada: nanna kArannu yAru kaddirabahudu?

Tulu: Aye ODe pOduppe?

English: Where might he have gone?

Kannada: avanu ellige hOgirabahudu?

Tulu: akulu ittae Mysore ett’dupper

English: They might have reached Mysore now

Kannada: avaru Iga Mysore talapirabahudu

Tulu: I aklen tUduppa

English: You might have seen them

Kannada: nInu avarannu nODirabahudu

Tulu: Aleg madat’pOduppu

English: She might have forgotten

Kannada: avaLige maretu hOgirabahudu

Tulu: Ir eNDa sullu panduppar

English: You might have lied to me

Kannada: nIvu nannalli suLLu hELirabahudu

Tulu: rAme nanala batt’duppaye

English: Rama might not have come yet

Kannada: rAma innU bandiralikkilla

Tulu: I iDe muTa kEnduppaya

English: You might not have heard till now

Kannada: nInu illi varege kELiralikkilla

Tulu: nikulu satya panduppayar

English: You might not have said the truth

Kannada: nIvu satya hELirlikkilla

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solmelu!